Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 37, Issue 1 , Pages 61-62 , January 2001

Continuous-flow nitrous oxide: Searching for the ideal procedural anxiolytic for toddlers

References 

  1. Krauss B, Green SM. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:948–956
  2. Hennes HM, Wagner V, Bonadio WA, et al.  The effect of oral midazolam on anxiety of preschool children during laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:1006–1009
  3. Sievers TD, Yee JD, Foley ME, et al.  Midazolam for conscious sedation during pediatric oncology procedures: safety and recovery parameters. Pediatrics. 1991;88:1172–1179
  4. Connors K, Terndrup TE. Nasal versus oral midazolam for sedation of anxious children undergoing laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;24:1074–1079
  5. Feld LH, Negus JB, White PF. Oral midazolam preanesthetic medication in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesiology. 1990;73:831–834
  6. Qureshi F, Mellis PT, McFadden MA. Efficacy of oral ketamine for providing sedation and analgesia to children requiring laceration repair. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1995;11:93–97
  7. Schutzman SA, Burg J, Liebelt E, et al.  Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for premedication of children undergoing laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;24:1059–1064
  8. Schechter NL, Weisman SJ, Rosenblum M, et al.  The use of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for painful procedures in children. Pediatrics. 1995;95:335–339
  9. Annequin D, Carbajal R, Chauvin P, et al.  Fixed 50% nitrous oxide oxygen mixture for painful procedures: a French survey. Pediatrics. 2000;105:e47
  10. Luhmann JD, Kennedy RM, Porter FL, et al.  A randomized clinical trial of continuous flow nitrous oxide and midazolam for sedation of young children during laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37:20–27
  11. Luhmann JD, Kennedy RM, Jaffe DM, et al.  Continuous flow delivery of nitrous oxide and oxygen: a safe and cost effective technique for inhalation and sedation of pediatric patients. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1999;15:388–392
  12. Griffin G, Campbell V, Jones RL. Nitrous oxide–oxygen sedation for minor surgery: experience in a pediatric setting. JAMA. 1983;245:2411–2413
  13. Gamis AS, Knapp JF, Glenski JA. Nitrous oxide analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1989;18:177–181
  14. Burton JH, Auble TE, Fuchs SM. Effectiveness of 50% nitrous oxide/50% oxygen during laceration repair in children. Acad Emerg Med. 1998;5:112–117
  15. Wattenmaker I, Kasser JR, McGravey A. Self-administered nitrous oxide for fracture reduction in children in an emergency room setting. J Orthop Trauma. 1990;4:35–38
  16. Hennrikus WL, Simpson RB, Klingelberger CE, et al.  Self-administered nitrous oxide analgesia for pediatric fracture reductions. J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14:538–542
  17. Alexander AH, Alexander CE, Woodruff RE, et al.  Nitrous oxide analgesia for minor orthopaedic procedures. Orthopaedics. 1983;6:309–314

☆ Reprints not available from the author. Address for correspondence: Baruch Krauss, MD, EdM, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; 617-355-4049, fax 617-355-6625; E-mail baruch.krauss@tch.harvard.edu.

PII: S0196-0644(01)34618-8

doi: 10.1067/mem.2001.112004

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 37, Issue 1 , Pages 61-62 , January 2001

Article Tools