Capnography for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Emergency Department
Received 14 July 2006; received in revised form 26 September 2006; accepted 23 October 2006. published online 13 January 2007.
Although it is standard of care for patient safety monitoring in anesthesia, capnography is not routinely used for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia. We discuss the use of capnography as a diagnostic monitoring modality for procedural sedation and analgesia, focusing on the physiology and interpretation of the CO2 waveform and recognition of normal, abnormal, and drug-induced ventilatory patterns.
aDivision of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
bDivision of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Address for correspondence: Baruch Krauss, MD, EdM, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; 617-355-4049, fax 617-730-0335
Supervising editor: Richard M. Levitan, MD
Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article, that might create any potential conflict of interest. The authors have stated that no such relationships exist. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement.
Available online January 12, 2007.
Reprints not available from the authors.
1 Dr. Krauss is a consultant for Oridion Medical, a capnography company, and holds 2 patents in the area of capnography.
ABSTRACT