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Volume 55, Issue 3 , Pages 235-246.e4 , March 2010

Emergency Medical Services Intervals and Survival in Trauma: Assessment of the “Golden Hour” in a North American Prospective Cohort

Presented as an abstract at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, May 2008, Washington, DC.

Craig D. Newgard, MD, MPH
- Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Address for correspondence: Craig D. Newgard, MD, MPH, Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code CR-114, Portland, OR 97239-3098; 503-494-1668, fax 503-494-4640
Robert H. Schmicker, MS
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Jerris R. Hedges, MD, MS, MMM
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii–Manoa, Honolulu, HI
John P. Trickett, BScN
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Daniel P. Davis, MD
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
Eileen M. Bulger, MD
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Tom P. Aufderheide, MD
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
Joseph P. Minei, MD
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
J. Steven Hata, MD, FCCP, MSc
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Critical Care, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
K. Dean Gubler, DO, MPH
- Legacy Emanuel Trauma Program, Portland, OR
Todd B. Brown, MD, MSPH
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
Jean-Denis Yelle, MD
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Berit Bardarson, RN
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Graham Nichol, MD, MPH
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington Clinical Trial Center, University of Washington–Harborview Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Investigators

Received 13 March 2009 ,Revised 19 June 2009 ,Accepted 22 July 2009.

Flow diagram of patients included in the primary analysis.

Flow diagram of patients included in the primary analysis.
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Distribution of the total EMS times for 10 sites across North America (n=3656).

Distribution of the total EMS times for 10 sites across North America (n=3656).
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Supervising editor: Daniel W. Spaite, MD

Author contributions: CDN conceived of and designed the study. RS performed the database management, quality assurance of the data, and all statistical analyses. CDN, RS, JRH, JPT, DPD, EMB, and GN interpreted preliminary findings and assisted in refining the final analysis. CDN drafted the article, and all authors contributed substantially to its revision. RS takes responsibility for data quality and all analyses. CDN takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.

Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article that might create any potential conflict of interest. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement. The Resuscitation Outcome Consortium was supported by a series of cooperative agreements to 10 regional clinical centers and 1 data coordinating center (5U01 HL077863, HL077881, HL077871, HL077872, HL077866, HL077908, HL077867, HL077885, HL077877, HL077873) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, in partnership with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, US Army Medical Research and Material Command, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research-Institute of Circulatory and Respiratory Health, Defence Research and Development Canada, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and the American Heart Association.