Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 34, Issue 2 , Pages 129-133 , August 1999

Effect of Application of Force to Self-Adhesive Defibrillator Pads on Transthoracic Electrical Impedance and Countershock Success

Presented at the American College of Emergency Physicians Research Forum, San Diego, California, March 1994.

Received 6 April 1998 ,Revised 26 February 1999 ,Accepted 5 April 1999.

References 

  1. Patton JN, Pantridge JF. Current required for ventricular defibrillation. Br Med J. 1979;1:513–514
  2. Kerber RE, Martins JB, Kienzle MG, et al.  Energy, current and success in defibrillation and cardioversion: Clinical studies using an automated impedance based method of energy adjustment. Circulation. 1988;77:1038–1046
  3. Geddes LA, Tacker WA, Rosborough JP, et al.  Electrical dose for ventricular defibrillation of large and small animals using precordial electrodes. J Clin Invest. 1974;53:310–319
  4. Zipes D, Fischer J, King R, et al.  Termination of ventricular fibrillation in dogs by depolarizing a critical amount of myocardium. Am J Cardiol. 1975;36:37–44
  5. Hoyt R, Grayzel J, Kerber RE. Determinants of intracardiac current in defibrillation. Circulation. 1981;64:818–823
  6. Connell PN, Ewy GA, Dahl CF, et al.  Transthoracic impedance to defibrillator discharge: Effect of electrode size and electrode-chest wall interface. J Electrocardiol. 1973;6:313–317
  7. Thomas ED, Ewy GA, Dahl CF, et al.  Effectiveness of direct current defibrillation: Role of paddle electrode size. Am Heart J. 1977;93:463–467
  8. Kerber RE, Grayzel J, Hoyt R, et al.  Transthoracic resistance in human defibrillation: Influence of body weight, chest size, serial shocks, paddle size, and paddle contact pressure. Circulation. 1981;63:676–681
  9. Dalzell GWN, Cunningham SR, Anderson J, et al.  Electrode pad size, transthoracic impedance and success of external ventricular defibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:741–744
  10. Ewy GA, Taren D. Impedance to transthoracic direct current discharge: A model for testing interface material. Medical Instrumentation. 1978;12:47–48
  11. Sirna SJ, Ferguson SW, Charbonnier F, et al.  Factors affecting transthoracic impedance during electrical cardioversion. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62:1048–1052
  12. Ewy GA, Hellman DA, McClung S, et al.  Influence of ventilation phase on transthoracic impedance and defibrillation effectiveness. Crit Care Med. 1980;8:164–166
  13. Kerber TE, Vance J, Schomer SJ, et al.  Transthoracic defibrillation: Effect of sternotomy on chest impedance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:94–97
  14. Kerber R, Hoyt R, Grayzel J, et al.  Transthoracic resistance in defibrillation: Effects of repeated same-energy shocks and paddle contact pressure [abstract]. Circulation. 1979;59(suppl II):II-127; 60
  15. Kerber R, Kouba C, Martins J, et al.  Advance prediction of transthoracic impedance in human defibrillation and cardioversion: Importance of impedance in determining the success of low-energy shocks. Circulation. 1984;70:303–308
  16. In:  Cummins RO editors. Advanced Cardiac Life Support. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association; 1997;p. 3–4
  17. Cohen TJ, Noubani H, Goldner BG, et al.  Active compression-decompression defibrillation provides effective defibrillation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am Heart J. 1995;130:186–187
  18. Cohen TH, Ibrahim B, Denier D, et al.  Active compression cardioversion for refractory atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:354–355
  19. Eisenberg MS, Horwood BT, Cummins TO, et al.  Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: A tale of 29 cities. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:179–186
  20. Cummins R. Defibrillation. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1988;6:217–240
  21. Rogrove J, Hughes C. Defibrillation and cardioversion. Crit Care Clin. 1992;8:839–863
  22. In:  Cummins RO editors. Textbook of Advanced Cardiac Life Support. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association; 1994;

☆ From the Departments of Emergency Medicine* and Anesthesiology,‡ The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

☆☆ Address for reprints: Roger Dzwonczyk, PE, The Ohio State University, Department of Anesthesiology, 410 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210.

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Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 34, Issue 2 , Pages 129-133 , August 1999

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