« Previous
Next »
Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 37, Issue 2
, Pages 181-188
, February 2001
Efficacy, safety, and use of snake antivenoms in the United States
References
-
.
Deaths resulting from animal attacks in the United States.
Wild Environ Med. 1997;8:8–16
- . Comparison between snakebites in children and adults. Pediatrics. 1965;36:251–256
-
.
Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference.
In: Washington, DC: : The Herpetologists’ League; 1999;p. 234–351
-
.
Snake Venom Poisoning.
Great Neck, NY: : Scholium International, Inc; 1983;
-
.
Snake poisoning in the United States: a study based on analysis of 740 cases.
In: Arch Intern Med; 1908;p. 516–570
-
.
Sequelae of pit viper envenomation.
In:
Campbell JA, Brodie ED editor.
Biology of the Pit Vipers. Tyler, TX: : Selva Publishing; 1992;p. 395–404
- . Controversy in snakebite—time for a controlled appraisal. J Trauma. 1985;25:462–463
- A randomized, blinded, comparative trial of one pepsin-digested and two whole IgG antivenoms for Bothrops snake bites in Uraba, Colombia. The Regional Group on Antivenom Therapy Research (REGATHER). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;58:183–189
- Randomized comparative trial of three monospecific antivenoms for bites by the Malayan pit viper (Calleoselasma rhodostoma) in southern Thailand: clinical and laboratory correlations. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1986;35:1235–1237
- The treatment of crotalid envenomation without antivenin. J Trauma. 1988;28:35–43
- Development of a severity score for the assessment of crotalid snakebite. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27:321–326
-
.
Snake venoms and blood coagulation.
In:
Lee C-Y editors.
Snake Venoms. New York, NY: : Springer-Verlag; 1979;p. 684–750
-
.
Hemorrhagic, necrotizing and edema-forming effects of snake venoms.
In:
Lee C-Y editors.
Snake Venoms. New York, NY: : Springer-Verlag; 1979;p. 480–546
- . Effectiveness of antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent following injection of Crotalus venom. Toxicon. 1973;11:461–464
- . Efficacy of post envenomation administration of antivenin. Toxicon. 1988;26:1218–1221
- . Intravenous rattlesnake envenomation. West J Med. 1988;148:45–47
- Complications of Crotalidae antivenin treatment. J Trauma. 1988;28:1032–1037
- . Rattlesnake bites in southern California and rationale for recommended treatment. West J Med. 1988;148:37–44
- . Crotalid envenomation in children: selective conservative management. J Pediatr Surg. 1989;24:128–131
- . Crotalidae envenomation in children. Ann Plast Surg. 1993;31:141–145
- . Snake venom poisoning in the United States: a review of therapeutic practice. South Med J. 1994;87:579–589
- . Thrombocytopenia following timber rattlesnake envenomation. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30:40–44
- . Severe rattlesnake envenomation with anaphylaxis and rhabdomyolysis. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25:845–848
-
.
Hand deformities in patients with snakebite.
Plast Reconstruct Surg. 1978;62:32–36
- . Early debridement in pit viper bite. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1973;136:774–776
- Comparison of a new ovine antigen binding fragment (Fab) for United States Crotalidae with the commercial antivenin for protection against venom-induced lethality in mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995;53:507–510
- Affinity-purified, mixed monospecific crotalid antivenom ovine Fab for the treatment of crotalid venom poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30:33–39
-
Clinical efficacy of two dosing regimens of affinity purified mixed monospecific crotalid antivenom ovine Fab (CroTAb) [abstract].
Acad Emerg Med. 1997;4:518
- . Envenomation by the northern blacktail rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus molossus): report of two cases and the in vitro effects of the venom on fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. Toxicon. 1982;20:487–493
- Neurotoxicity, haemostatic disturbances and haemolytic anaemia after a bite by a Tunisian saw-scaled or carpet viper (Echis ‘pyramidum’-complex): failure of antivenom treatment. Toxicon. 1994;32:937–944
-
Envenoming by the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and Sri Lankan cobra (Naja naja naja): efficacy and complications of therapy with Haffkine antivenom.
Trans Royal Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1990;34:301–308
- Recurrent coagulopathy after antivenom treatment of crotalid snakebite. South Med J. 2000;93:562–566
- . Past, present and future immunotherapy of snake venom poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16:938–944
-
.
Preliminary clinical observations with prophylactic cyproheptadine hydrochloride in potential serum reactions to antivenins.
In:
Rosenberg P editors.
Toxin: Animal, Plant and Microbial. Oxford, England: : Pergamon Press; 1978;p. 489–493
-
.
Clinical reactions to antivenin.
Toxicon. 1978;1(Suppl):457–465
- . New Mexico rattlesnake bites: demographic review and guidelines for treatment. J Trauma. 1991;31:1380–1386
-
.
The management of upper extremity pit viper wounds.
J Hand Surg. 1980;5:168–177
- Treating the snakebitten child in North America: a study of pit viper bites. J Pediatr Surg. 1998;33:1593–1595
- . Poisonous snakebite in central Texas. Ann Surg. 1991;213:466–471
-
Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent [Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories].
In: 52nd ed.
Physicians’ Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: : Medical Economics; 1998;p. 3009–3010
-
.
A comparison of reconstitution times for CroTAb and Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent [Wyeth] [abstract].
Toxicologist. 2000;54:171
- Heat and motion stability of polyvalent crotalidae antivenin, ovine Fab. Toxicon. 1998;36:377–382
☆ Dr. Dart and Mr. McNally were clinical investigators in the trials of the experimental antivenom described in the text and were paid speakers in the symposium “Advances in the Management of Snakebite” that was sponsored by Savage Laboratories.
☆☆ Address for reprints: Richard C. Dart, MD, PhD, Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, 1010 Yosemite Circle, Denver, CO 80230; 303-739-1100, fax 303-739-1119;,E-mail rdart@rmpdc.org .
PII: S0196-0644(01)65378-2
doi: 10.1067/mem.2001.113372
© 2001 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 37, Issue 2
, Pages 181-188
, February 2001
