Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 40, Issue 6 , Pages 619-624 , December 2002

Crotalidae polyvalent immune fab (ovine) antivenom is efficacious for envenomations by southern pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus helleri )

Presented in part at the First Mediterranean Emergency Medicine Congress, Stresa, Italy, September 2001.

Received 10 January 2002 ,Revised 18 July 2002 ,Accepted 24 July 2002.

References 

  1. CroFab, Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) [package insert]. Nashville, TN: Protherics, Inc; 2000;
  2. Douglas ME, Douglas MR, Schuett GW, et al. Phylogeography of the western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis ) complex, with emphasis on the Colorado Plateau. In: Schuett GW, Hoggren M, Douglas ME, et al, eds. Biology of the Vipers . Eagle Mountain, UT: Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC. In press.
  3. Consroe P, Egen NB, Russell FE, et al.  Comparison of a new ovine antigen binding fragment (Fab) antivenin for United States Crotalidae with the commercial antivenin for protection against venom-induced lethality in mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995;53:507–510
  4. Clark RF, Williams SR, Nordt SP, et al.  Successful treatment of crotalid-induced neurotoxicity with a new polyspecific crotalid Fab antivenom. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30:54–57
  5. Glenn JL, Straight RC. The rattlesnakes and their venom yield and lethal toxicity. In:  Tu AT editors. Rattlesnake Venoms: Their Actions and Treatment. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 1982;p. 3–119
  6. Dart RC, Seifert SA, Boyer LV, et al.  A randomized multicenter trial of crotaline polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom for the treatment for crotaline snakebite in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:2030–2036
  7. Boyer LV, Seifert SA, Cain JS. Recurrence phenomena after immunoglobulin therapy for snake envenomations: part 2. Guidelines for clinical management with crotaline Fab antivenom. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37:196–201
  8. Dart RC, Hurlbut KM, Garcia R, et al.  Validation of a severity score for the assessment of crotalid snakebite in the United States. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27:321–326
  9. Dart RC, Seifert SA, Carroll L, et al.  Affinity-purified, mixed monospecific crotalid antivenom ovine Fab for treatment of crotalid venom poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30:33–39
  10. McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: The Herpetologists' League; 1999;
  11. Ruha AM, Beuhler M, Brooks D, et al.  CroFab for treatment of rattlesnake envenomation [abstract]. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2001;39:546–547
  12. Seifert SA, Boyer LV. Recurrence phenomena after immunoglobulin therapy for snake envenomations: part 1. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of immunoglobulin antivenoms and related antibodies. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37:189–195

☆ Dr.Bush is a paid participant in an advisory panel for Savage Laboratories, Melville, NY.

☆☆ Address for reprints: Sean P. Bush, MD, 11234 Anderson Street, PO Box 2000, Room A108, Loma Linda, CA 92354; 909-558-4344, fax 909-558-0121; E-mail famensean@aol.com

PII: S0196-0644(02)00660-1

doi: 10.1067/mem.2002.129939

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 40, Issue 6 , Pages 619-624 , December 2002

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