« Previous
Next »
Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 39, Issue 3
, Pages 273-286
, March 2002
The role of activated charcoal and gastric emptying in gastrointestinal decontamination: A state-of-the-art review
References
- . Position statement: gastric lavage. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35:711–719
-
.
Importance of gastrointestinal decontamination.
Online J Med Toxicol [serial online]. 1999;2:5
- . Progress in clinical toxicology: from case reports to toxicoepidemiology. Med J Aust. 1995;163:340–341
- . Position statement: single-dose activated charcoal. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35:721–741
- . Position statement: ipecac syrup. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35:699–709
- . Special considerations in gastrointestinal decontamination. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1994;12:285–299
- . Ingestion of toxic substances by children. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:186–191
-
.
New thinking on gastrointestinal decontamination.
Pediatr Emerg Med Reports. 1998;3:11–18
- . Gastrointestinal decontamination after poisoning. Where is the science?. Crit Care Clin. 1997;13:709–725
- . Emergency department gastrointestinal decontamination. Pediatr Ann. 1996;25:19–26
- . The poisoned patient: is gastrointestinal decontamination all washed up? Two responses. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1998;14:380–381
- . Position statement: cathartics. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35:743–752
- . Position statement: whole bowel irrigation. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35:753–762
- . Potentiation of cocaine toxicity with calcium channel blockers. Am J Emerg Med. 1989;7:464–468
-
Acetaminophen overdose in children: a comparison of ipecac versus activated charcoal versus no gastrointestinal decontamination [abstract].
Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:472–473
- Influence of time until emesis on the efficacy of decontamination using acetaminophen as a marker in a pediatric population. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1403–1407
- . Home use of syrup of ipecac is associated with a reduction in pediatric emergency department visits. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25:338–343
- Activated charcoal reduces the need for N-acetylcysteine treatment after acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:753–757
-
.
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning.
In:
Barton S, Adams C, Cuervo Amore LG, et al. editor.
Clinical Evidence. London, England: BMJ Publishing Group; December 2000;p. 775–780
- Management of acutely poisoned patients without gastric emptying. Ann Emerg Med. 1985;14:562–567
- Prospective evaluation of gastric emptying in the self-poisoned patient. Am J Emerg Med. 1990;8:479–483
- Superiority of activated charcoal alone compared with ipecac and activated charcoal in the treatment of acute toxic ingestions. Ann Emerg Med. 1989;18:56–59
- Gastric emptying in acute overdose: a prospective randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust. 1995;163:345–349
- Incidence of aspiration pneumonia in intubated patients receiving activated charcoal. J Emerg Med. 1999;17:279–283
- . Pediatric ingestions: charcoal alone versus ipecac and charcoal. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:648–651
- . Nonemetic effects of ipecac syrup. Pediatrics. 1985;75:1101–1104
- Direct administration of charcoal into the lung and pleural cavity. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30:695–697
- . Accidental administration of activated charcoal into the lung: aspiration by proxy. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1470–1473
- . Charcoal lung: bronchiolitis obliterans after aspiration of activated charcoal. Chest. 1989;96:672–674
- . Fatal pulmonary aspiration of oral activated charcoal. BMJ. 1988;297:459–460
- Aspiration of activated charcoal elicits an increase in lung microvascular permeability. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:9–16
- . Accidental pneumothorax from nasogastric tube [letter]. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1325
- . Gastrointestinal tract perforation with charcoal peritoneum complicating orogastric intubation and lavage. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:606–609
- . Malposition of pediatric gastric lavage tubes demonstrated radiographically. J Emerg Med. 1992;10:581–586
- . Does transportation by ambulance decrease time to gastrointestinal decontamination after overdose?. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;35:579–584
- Prevention of gastrointestinal iron absorption by chelation from an orally administered premixed deferoxamine/charcoal slurry. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30:587–592
- . Adsorption of drugs and poisons by activated charcoal. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1968;13:454–460
-
Influence of activated charcoal on the absorption of ferrous sulfate in rats [abstract].
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2000;38:528
- In vitro study of lithium carbonate adsorption by activated charcoal. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1988;26:443–450
- Administration of activated charcoal or sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate) as gastric decontamination for lithium intoxication: an animal model. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1989;65:387–389
- Effect of magnesium hydroxide on iron absorption after ferrous sulfate [letter]. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;34:685–687
- . Effect of magnesium hydroxide administration on iron absorption after a supratherapeutic dose of ferrous sulfate in human volunteers: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33:400–405
- . Effect of sodium polystyrene sulfonate on lithium bioavailability. Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21:1312–1315
- Lithium absorption prevented by sodium polystyrene sulfonate in volunteers. Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21:1308–1311
- . Use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in a lithium overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1911–1915
- . Whole bowel irrigation as a decontamination procedure after acute drug overdose. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:905–907
- . Use of whole bowel irrigation in an infant following iron overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 1991;9:366–369
- . Whole-bowel irrigation as a treatment for acute lithium overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:536–539
- . Whole bowel irrigation in iron poisoning. J Pediatr. 1987;111:142–145
- Comparison of three methods of gut decontamination in tricyclic antidepressant overdose. J Emerg Med. 1995;13:203–209
- The effect of activated charcoal and hyoscine butylbromide alone and in combination on the absorption of mefenamic acid. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;19:836–838
-
Gastric emptying procedures in the self-poisoned patient: are we forcing gastric content beyond the pylorus?.
J Royal Soc Med. 1991;84:274–276
- . Efficacy of ipecac and activated charcoal/cathartic. Prevention of salicylate absorption in a simulated overdose. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:48–52
- Clinical comparison of pharmacologic emetics in children. Pediatrics. 1968;42:361–364
- . Comparison of ipecac-induced emesis with gastric lavage in the treatment of acute salicylate ingestion. J Pediatr. 1969;74:800–803
- Inhibition of aspirin absorption by activated charcoal and apomorphine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1969;10:710–713
- . Effect of activated charcoal on acetaminophen absorption. Pediatrics. 1976;58:432–435
- . Effect of delayed administration of activated charcoal on Nortriptyline absorption. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1978;14:445–447
- Assessment of the efficacy of activated charcoal following gastric lavage in acute drug emergencies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1982;19:149–165
- Saline catharsis: effect on aspirin bioavailability in combination with activated charcoal. J Clin Pharmacol. 1982;22:59–64
- . Evaluation of activated charcoal and magnesium citrate in the prevention of aspirin absorption in humans. Clin Pharm. 1982;1:154–156
- . Comparison of activated charcoal and ipecac syrup in prevention of drug absorption. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1983;24:557–562
- . Evaluation of activated charcoal-sodium sulfate combination for inhibition of acetaminophen absorption and repletion of inorganic sulfate. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1984;22:21–30
- . Ipecac-induced emesis versus gastric lavage: a controlled study in normal adults. Am J Emerg Med. 1986;4:205–209
- Efficacy of gastric emptying: gastric lavage versus emesis induced with ipecac. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:692–698
- . Efficacy of ipecac-induced emesis, orogastric lavage, and activated charcoal for acute drug overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16:838–841
-
Absorption studies of the H2-blocker nizatidine.
Clin Pharmacol Therap. 1987;42:514–520
- Sorbital catharsis does not enhance efficacy of charcoal in a simulated acetaminophen overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 1988;17:243–246
- . Activated charcoal, emesis, and gastric lavage in aspirin overdose. BMJ. 1988;296:1507
- . The knee-chest position does not improve the efficacy of ipecac-induced emesis. Am J Emerg Med. 1989;7:267–270
- Large surface area activated charcoal and the inhibition of aspirin absorption. Ann Emerg Med. 1989;18:547–552
- . Contribution of sorbitol combined with activated charcoal in prevention of salicylate absorption. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:654–656
-
.
Effect of activated charcoal on the absorption of amiodarone.
Hum Exper Toxicol. 1991;10:327–329
- Simulated acetaminophen overdose: pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of activated charcoal. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:1064–1068
-
.
Residual gastric content after gastric lavage and ipecacuanha-induced emesis in self-poisoned patients: an endoscopic study.
J Royal Soc Med. 1991;84:35–38
- . Evaluation of gastric emptying using radionuclides: gastric lavage versus ipecac-induced emesis. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1423–1427
- Low-volume whole bowel irrigation and salicylate absorption: a comparison with ipecac-charcoal. Pharmacotherapy. 1993;13:229–232
- A comparison of three gastric lavage methods using the radionuclide gastric emptying study. J Emerg Med. 1996;14:413–418
- The effect of activated charcoal on the absorption of fluoxetine, with special reference to delayed charcoal administration. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1996;79:270–273
- Prevention of amlodipine absorption by activated charcoal: effect of delay in charcoal administration. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;43:29–33
- . Effect of delayed administration of activated charcoal on the absorption of conventional and slow-release verapamil. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35:263–268
- . Efficacy of ipecac during the first hour after drug ingestion in human volunteers. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35:609–615
- . Effect of activated charcoal alone or given after gastric lavage in reducing the absorption of diazepam, ibuprofen and citalopram. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999;48:148–153
- . Effectiveness of delayed activated charcoal administration in simulated paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;49:11–14
- . Effect of whole-bowel irrigation on the antidotal efficacy of oral activated charcoal. Ann Emerg Med. 1988;17:681–683
- . Effects of resins and activated charcoal on the absorption of digoxin, carbamazepine and frusemide. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;25:229–233
☆ Editor's note: This article continues a series of special contributions addressing state-of-the-art techniques, topics, or concepts. State-of-the-art articles will be featured in Annals on a regular basis in the next several volumes.
☆☆ Reprints not available from the author. Address for correspondence: G. Randall Bond, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, 513-636-2744, fax 513-636-7967; E-mail: randy.bond@chmcc.org
PII: S0196-0644(02)07065-8
doi: 10.1067/mem.2002.122058
© 2002 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 39, Issue 3
, Pages 273-286
, March 2002
