Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 41, Issue 1 , Pages 27-31 , January 2003

Bilateral sixth nerve palsy after head trauma

Received 6 June 2002 ,Revised 21 August 2002 ,Accepted 26 August 2002.

References 

  1. Arias MJ. Bilateral traumatic abducens nerve palsy without skull fracture and with cervical spine fracture: Case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 1985;16:232–234
  2. Marconi F, Parenti G, Dobran M. Bilateral traumatic abducens nerve palsy: Case report. J Neurosurg Sci. 1994;38:177–180
  3. Limnaios EE, Papageorgiou CT. Bilateral abducens nerve palsy. Ophthalmologica. 1980;181:326–329
  4. Uzan M, Hanci M, Sarioglu AC, et al.  Bilateral traumatic abducens nerve paralysis with cervical spine flexion injury. Eur Spine J. 1996;5:275–277
  5. Baker RS, Epstein AD. Ocular motor abnormalities from head trauma. Surv Ophthalmol. 1991;35:245–267
  6. Celikoz B, Duman H, Selmanpakoglu N. Bilateral traumatic abducens nerve palsy as a complication of a frontal-nasal-orbital-ethmoidal fracture. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996;54:1471–1474
  7. Hollis GJ. Sixth cranial nerve palsy following closed head injury in a child. J Accid Emerg Med. 1997;14:172–175
  8. Takagi H, Miyasaka Y, Kuramae T, et al.  Bilateral traumatic abducens nerve palsy without skull fracture or intracranial hematoma—a report of 3 cases and consideration of the mechanism of injury [in Japanese]. No Shinkei Geka. 1976;4:963–969
  9. Mutyala S, Holmes JM, Hodge DO, et al.  Spontaneous recovery rate in traumatic sixth-nerve palsy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;122:898–899
  10. Holmes JM, Droste PJ, Beck RW. The natural history of acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis. J AAPOS. 1998;2:265–268
  11. Holmes JM, Beck RW, Kip KE, et al.  Predictors of nonrecovery in acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy and paresis. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:1457–1460
  12. Repka MX, Lam GC, Morrison NA. The efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin A for the treatment of complete and partially recovered chronic sixth nerve palsy. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1994;31:79–83
  13. Scott AB, Kraft SP. Botulinum toxin injection in the management of lateral rectus paresis. Ophthalmology. 1985;92:676–683
  14. Holmes JM, Beck RW, Kip KE, et al.  Botulinum toxin treatment versus conservative management in acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis. J AAPOS. 2000;4:145–149

☆ Address for reprints: Ranjiv Advani, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 47 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME 04102.

PII: S0196-0644(02)84969-1

doi: 10.1067/mem.2003.46

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 41, Issue 1 , Pages 27-31 , January 2003

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