Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 41, Issue 6 , Pages 783-791 , June 2003

Factors associated with severity of motorcycle injuries among young adult riders

Received 30 March 2001 ,Revised 13 January 2003 ,Accepted 26 January 2003.

References 

  1. Ministry of Communication and Transportation . Annual Report of Transportation and Communication in 1992. Taipei, Taiwan: Executive Yuan, Republic of China; 1993;
  2. Chao SH, Tan KY. Motorcycle injuries—an epidemiologic study of emergency room patients in a large hospital in Taipei City. J Natl Public Health Assoc (ROC). 1984;4:26–32
  3. Ding SL, Wang JD, Chen KT. Estimate of case fatality rate and incidence rate of traffic injury in Taiwan—analysis of 4,329 victims at a medical center. J Formosan Med Assoc. 1993;92:S76–S81
  4. Wu SI, Yang GY, Chou P, et al.  Analysis of traffic injuries in Taiwan in relation to alcohol use and economic loss. Injury. 1992;22:357–361
  5. Rutledge R, Stutts J. The association of helmet use with the outcome of motorcycle crash injury when controlling for crash/injury severity. Accid Anal Prev. 1993;25:347–353
  6. Aptel I, Salmi LR, Masson F, et al.  Road accidents: discrepancies between police and hospital data in French Island. Accid Anal Prev. 1999;31:101–108
  7. Cercarelli LR, Rosman DL, Ryan GA. Comparison of accident and emergency with police road injury data. J Trauma. 1996;40:805–809
  8. Rosman DL, Knuiman MWA. Comparison of hospital and police road injury data. Accid Anal Prev. 1994;26:215–222
  9. Harris S. The real number of road traffic accident casualties in the Netherlands: a year-long survey. Accid Anal Prev. 1990;22:371–378
  10. Maas MW, Harris S. Police recording of road accident in-patients—investigation into the completeness, representativity and reliability of police records of hospitalized traffic victims. Accid Anal Prev. 1984;16:167–184
  11. Kraus JF, Riggins RS, Franti CE. Some epidemiologic features of motorcycle collision injuries. I. Introduction, methods and factors associated with incidence. Am J Epidemiol. 1975;102:74–98
  12. Bull JP, Roberts BJ. Road accident statistics—a comparison of police and hospital information. Accid Anal Prev. 1973;5:45–53
  13. Cummings P, Koepsell TD, Mueller BA. Methodological challenges in injury epidemiology and injury prevention research. Annu Rev Public Health. 1995;16:381–400
  14. Veazie MA, Landen DD, Bender TR, et al.  Epidemiologic research on the etiology of injuries at work. Annu Rev Public Health. 1994;15:203–211
  15. Zeger SL, Liang KY. An overview of methods for the analysis of longitudinal data. Stat Med. 1992;11:1825–1839
  16. McCullagh P. Regression models for ordinal data. J Roy Stat Soc B. 1980;42:109–142
  17. McCullagh P, Nelder JA. Generalized Linear Models. London, United Kingdom: Chapman Hall; 1983;
  18. Liang KY, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika. 1986;73:13–22
  19. Lipsitz SR, Kim K, Zhao L. Analysis of repeated categorical data using generalized estimating equations. Stat Med. 1994;13:1149–1163
  20. Mickey RM, Greenland S. The impact of confounder selection criteria on effect estimation. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;129:125–137
  21. Horton NJ, Bebchuk JD, Jones CL, et al.  Goodness-of-fit for GEE: an example with mental health service utilization. Stat Med. 1999;18:213–222
  22. Stiger TR, Barnhart HX, Williamson AM. Testing proportionality in the proportional odds model fitted with GEE. Stat Med. 1999;18:1419–1433
  23. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159–174
  24. Schoor O, Niekerk JL, Grobbelaar B. Mechanical failures as a contributing cause to motor vehicle accidents—South Africa. Accid Anal Prev. 2001;33:713–721
  25. Treat JR. A Study of Precrash Factors Involved in Traffic Accidents. Ann Arbor, MI: Highway Safety Research Institute; 1980; Publication No. HSRI 10/11, 6/1
  26. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . Traffic Safety Facts 1996. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation; 1996;
  27. Baker SP, O'Nell B, Ginsburg MJ, et al.  The Injury Fact Book. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1992;
  28. Lin MR, Hwang HF, Kuo NW. Crash severity, injury patterns, and helmet use in adolescent motorcycle riders. J Trauma. 2001;50:24–30
  29. Begg DJ, Langley JD, Williams SM. Validity of self reported crashes and injuries in a longitudinal study of young adults. Injury Prev. 1999;5:142–144
  30. Jelalian E, Alday S, Spirito A, et al.  Adolescent motor vehicle crashes: the relationship between behavioral factors and self-reported injury. J Adolesc Health. 2000;27:84–93
  31. Burger MC, Lichtenstein MJ, Hays JT, et al.  Association of self-reported injury and alcohol consumption in medical outpatients. J Gen Intern Med. 1990;5:486–489
  32. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . General Estimates System 1989—A Review of Information on Police-Reported Traffic Crashes in the United States. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation; 1989;
  33. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine . The Abbreviated Injury Scale, 1990 Revision. Des Plaines, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 1990;
  34. Baker SP, O'Nell B, Haddon W, et al.  The Injury Severity Score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma. 1974;14:187–196
  35. Harrell FE, Lee KL, Califf RM, et al.  Regression modeling strategies for improved prognostic prediction. Stat Med. 1984;3:143–152
  36. Concato J, Peduzzi P, Holford TR, et al.  Importance of events per independent variables in proportional harzards analysis. I. Background, goals, and general strategy. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:1495–1501
  37. Peduzzi P, Concato J, Feinstein AR, et al.  Importance of events per independent variables in proportional hazards analysis. II. Accuracy and precision of regression estimates. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:1503–1510
  38. van Houwelingen JC, le Cessie S. Predictive value of statistical models. Stat Med. 1990;9:1303–1325
  39. Harrell FE, Lee KL, Mark DB. Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med. 1996;15:361–387
  40. Efron B. The Jackknife, the Bootstrap, and Other Resampling Plans. Philadelphia, PA: SIAM; 1982;
  41. Booth JG, Sarkar S. Monte Carlo approximation of bootstrap variances. Am Stat. 1998;52:354–357
  42. Whitehead J. Sample size calculations for ordered categorical data. Stat Med. 1993;12:2257–2271

☆ Supported by funding from the National Science Council, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (grant NSC 88-2314-B-039-036).

☆☆ Address for reprints: Mau-Roung Lin, PhD, Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC; 886-2-27226109, fax 886-2-27390387; E-mail mrlin@tmu.edu.tw.

PII: S0196-0644(03)00255-5

doi: 10.1067/mem.2003.186

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 41, Issue 6 , Pages 783-791 , June 2003

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution