Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 44, Issue 2 , Pages 138-141 , August 2004

Nasogastric tubes: hard to swallow

  • E. John Gallagher, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: E. John Gallagher, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467; 718-920-7459

References 

  1. Singer AJ, Richman PB, Kowalska A, et al.  Comparison of patient and practitioner assessments of pain from commonly performed emergency department procedures. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33:652–658
  2. Singer AJ, Konia N. Comparison of topical anesthetics and vasoconstrictors vs lubricants prior to nasogastric intubation: a randomized, controlled trial. Acad Emerg Med. 1999;6:184–190
  3. Nott MR, Hughes JH. Topical anesthesia for the insertion of nasogastric tubes. Eur J Anasethesiol. 1995;12:287–290
  4. Spektor M, Kaplan J, Kelley J, et al.  Nebulized or sprayed lidocaine as anesthesia for nasogastric intubations. Acad Emerg Med. 2000;7:406–407
  5. Wolfe TR, Fosnocht DE, Linscott MS. Atomized lidocaine as topical anesthesia for nasogastric tube placement: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;35:421–425
  6. Ducharme J, Matheson K. What is the best topical anesthetic for nasogastric insertion? A comparison of lidocaine gel, lidocaine spray, and atomized lidocaine. J Emerg Nurs. 2003;29:427–430
  7. Cullen L, Taylor D, Taylor S, et al.  Nebulized lidocaine decreases the discomfort of nasogastric tube insertion: a randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;44:131–137
  8. Todd KH, Funk KG, Funk JP, et al.  Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27:485–489
  9. Gallagher EJ, Liebman M, Bijur PE. Prospective validation of clinically important changes in pain severity measured on a visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38:633–638
  10. O'Callaghen C, Barry PW. The science of nebulized drug delivery. Thorax. 1997;52(Suppl 2):S31–S44
  11. Spraggs PD, Hanekom WH, Mochloulis G, et al.  The assessment of the risk of cross-infection with a multi-use nasal atomizer. J Hosp Infect. 1994;28:315–321
  12. Southwick KL, Hoffmann K, Ferree K, et al.  Cluster of tuberculosis cases in North Caroline: possible association with atomizer reuse. Am J Infect Control. 2001;29:1–6
  13. Croakley JF, Arthurs GJ, Wilsher TK. The need for and development of a single use disposable nasal spray. J Laryngol Otol. 1993;107:20–23
  14. Leith DE, Butler JP, Sneddon SL, et al.  Cough. In:  Cherniack NS,  Widdicombe JG editor. Handbook of Physiology (Section 3: Respiration. Vol 3: Mechanisms of Breathing (Part 1)). Baltimore, MD: American Physiological Society; 1986;p. 315–336
  15. Bianco S, Robuschi M. Mechanics of cough. In:  Braga PC,  Allegra L editor. Cough. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1989;p. 29–36
  16. Miller WC, Awe R. Effect of nebulized lidocaine on reactive airways. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1975;111:739–741

☆ The author reports this study did not receive any outside funding or support.

☆☆ Reprints not available from the author.

PII: S0196-0644(04)00417-2

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.04.009

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 44, Issue 2 , Pages 138-141 , August 2004

Article Tools