Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 45, Issue 4 , Pages 437-443 , April 2005

Suggestions for Improving the Reporting of Clinical Research: The Role of Narrative

  • David L. Schriger, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: David L. Schriger, MD, MPH, University of California–Los Angeles Emergency Medicine Center, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90024-2924; 310-794-0593, fax 310-794-0599

Received 28 January 2004 ,Revised 20 September 2004 ,Accepted 22 September 2004.

References 

  1. Instructions for Authors. Available at: http://www.mosby.com/AnnEmergMed. Accessed January 7, 2005.
  2. DerSimonian R, Charette LJ, McPeek B, et al. Reporting on methods in clinical trials. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:1332–1337
  3. Pocock SJ, Hughes MD, Lee RJ. Statistical problems in the reporting of clinical trials: a survey of three medical journals. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:426–432
  4. Moher D, Dulberg CS, Wells GA. Statistical power, sample size, and their reporting in randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 1994;272:122–124
  5. Maclure M, Schneeweiss S. Causation of bias: the Episcope. Epidemiology. 2001;12:114–122
  6. In:  Tufte ER editors. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press; 1983;
  7. Tufte ER. Envisioning Information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press; 1990;
  8. Tufte ER. Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press; 1997;
  9. Schriger DL, Cooper RJ. Achieving graphical excellence: suggestions and methods for creating high quality visual displays of experimental data. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37:75–87
  10. Cooper RJ, Schriger DL, Tashman D. An evaluation of the graphical literacy of the Annals of Emergency Medicine. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37:13–19
  11. Cleveland WS. Graphs in scientific publications. Am Stat. 1984;38:261–269
  12. Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman D, CONSORT Group (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) . The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. JAMA. 2001;285:1987–1991
  13. Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, et al. Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement: Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses. Lancet. 1999;354:1896–1900
  14. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting: Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283:2008–2012
  15. Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, et al. Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. BMJ. 2003;326:41–44
  16. Moher D, Jones A, Lepage L, CONSORT Group (Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials) . Use of the CONSORT statement and quality of reports of randomized trials: a comparative before-and-after evaluation. JAMA. 2001;285:1992–1995
  17. Delamothe T, Müllner M, Smith R. Pleasing both authors and readers. BMJ. 1999;318:888–889
  18. Müllner M, Groves T. Making research papers in the BMJ more accessible. BMJ. 2002;325:456
  19. Hamilton WT, Kessler D. BMJ papers could include honesty box for research warts. [letter] BMJ. 2004;328:1320
  20. Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Precision and validity of studies. In:  Rothman KJ,  Greenland S editor. Modern Epidemiology. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998;p. 118–134
  21. Greenland S, Rothman KJ. Fundamentals of epidemiologic data analysis. In:  Rothman KJ,  Greenland S editor. Modern Epidemiology. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998;p. 204
  22. Schriger DL. Problems with current methods of data analysis and reporting, and suggestions for moving beyond incorrect ritual. Eur J Emerg Med. 2002;9:203–207
  23. Cartwright N. Nature's Capacities and Their Measurement. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 1989;
  24. Greenland S. Basic methods for sensitivity analysis and external adjustment. In:  Rothman KJ,  Greenland S editor. Modern Epidemiology. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998;p. 343–357
  25. Harrell FE. Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression and Survival Analysis. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2001;
  26. Greenland S. Introduction to regression modeling. In:  Rothman KJ,  Greenland S editor. Modern Epidemiology. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998;p. 401–432
  27. Pearl J. Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 2001;
  28. Greenland S. Introduction to regression modeling. In:  Rothman KJ,  Greenland S editor. Modern Epidemiology. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998;p. 382–383
  29. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Assessing the fit of the model. In:  Hosmer DW,  Lemeshow S editor. Applied Logistic Regression. 2nd ed.. New York, NY: J. Wiley & Sons; 2000;p. 143–199
  30. Fox J. Regression Diagnostics: An Introduction. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1991;
  31. Eysenbach G. Pleasing both authors and readers. [letter] BMJ. 1999;319:579
  32. Tobin MJ. The official copy of AJRCCM is posted but not printed. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:905–906
  33. Greenland S, Pearl J, Robins JM. Causal diagrams for epidemiologic research. Epidemiology. 1999;10:37–48
  34. Sun B, Brinkley M, Morrissey J, et al. A patient education intervention does not improve satisfaction with emergency care. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;44:378–383

 Funding and support: The author reports this study did not receive any outside funding or support.Reprints not available from the author.

PII: S0196-0644(04)01474-X

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.09.022

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 45, Issue 4 , Pages 437-443 , April 2005