Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 48, Issue 5 , Pages 613-614 , November 2006

Should I Give Ketamine IV or IM?

  • Steven M. Green, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Loma Linda, CA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: Steven M. Green, MD, Loma Linda University Medical Center A-108, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354; 805-969-2144, fax 775-307-4121
    • ,
  • Baruch Krauss, MD, EdM

      Affiliations

    • Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

References 

  1. Green SM, Krauss B. Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;44:460–471
  2. Roback MG, Wathan JE, MacKenzie T, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of IV vs. IM ketamine for sedation of pediatric patients receiving emergency department orthopedic procedures. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48:605–612
  3. Green SM, Rothrock SG, Harris T, et al. Intravenous ketamine for pediatric sedation in the emergency department: safety profile with 156 cases. Acad Emerg Med. 1998;5:971–976
  4. Kennedy RM, Porter FL, Miller JP, et al. Comparison of fentanyl/midazolam with ketamine/midazolam for pediatric orthopedic emergencies. Pediatrics. 1998;102:956–963
  5. Ip U, Saincher A. Safety of pediatric procedural sedation in a Canadian emergency department. Can J Emerg Med. 2000;2:15–20
  6. Sherwin TS, Green SM, Khan A, et al. Does adjunctive midazolam reduce recovery agitation after ketamine sedation for pediatric procedures? (a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial). Ann Emerg Med. 2000;35:239–244
  7. Wathen JE, Roback MG, Mackenzie T, et al. Does midazolam alter the clinical effects of intravenous ketamine sedation in children? (a double-blind, randomized, controlled emergency department trial). Ann Emerg Med. 2000;36:579–588
  8. Godambe SA, Elliot V, Matheny D, et al. Comparison of propofol/fentanyl versus ketamine/midazolam for brief orthopedic procedural sedation in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics. 2003;112:116–123
  9. Treston G. Prolonged pre-procedure fasting time is unnecessary when using titrated intravenous ketamine for paediatric procedural sedation. Emerg Med Australas. 2004;16:145–150
  10. Losek JD, Reid S. Effects of initial pain treatment on sedation recovery time in pediatric emergency care. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006;22:100–103
  11. Green SM, Rothrock SG, Lynch EL, et al. Intramuscular ketamine for pediatric sedation in the emergency department: safety profile with 1,022 cases. Ann Emerg Med. 1998;31:688–697
  12. McGlone RG, Ranasinghe S, Durham S. An alternative to “brutacaine”: a comparison of low dose intramuscular ketamine with intranasal midazolam in children before suturing. J Accid Emerg Med. 1998;15:231–236
  13. Holloway VJ, Husain HM, Saetta JP, et al. Accident and emergency department led implementation of ketamine sedation in paediatric practice and parental response. J Accid Emerg Med. 2000;17:25–28
  14. McGlone RG, Howes MC, Joshi M. The Lancaster experience of 2.0 to 2.5 mg/kg intramuscular ketamine for paediatric sedation: 501 cases and analysis. Emerg Med J. 2004;21:290–295
  15. Ellis DY, Husain HM, Saetta JP, et al. Procedural sedation in paediatric minor procedures: a prospective audit on ketamine use in the emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2004;21:286–289
  16. Heinz P, Geelhoed GC, Wee C, et al. Is atropine needed with ketamine sedation? (a prospective, randomized, double blind study). Emerg Med J. 2006;23:206–209
  17. Green SM, Krauss B. The semantics of ketamine. [editorial] Ann Emerg Med. 2000;36:480–482
  18. Green SM, Hummel CB, Wittlake WA, et al. What is the optimal dose of intramuscular ketamine for pediatric sedation?. Acad Emerg Med. 1999;6:21–26
  19. Green SM, Kuppermann N, Rothrock SG, et al. Predictors of adverse events with ketamine sedation in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;35:35–42

 Supervising editor: Michael L. Callaham, MDFunding and support: The authors report this study did not receive any outside funding or support.Reprints not available from the authors.

PII: S0196-0644(06)00788-8

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.05.024

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 48, Issue 5 , Pages 613-614 , November 2006

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