Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 49, Issue 1 , Pages 1-8 , January 2007

The Utility of Supplemental Oxygen During Emergency Department Procedural Sedation and Analgesia With Midazolam and Fentanyl: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Presented as an abstract poster at the Research Forum, American College of Emergency Physicians, September 2005, Washington, DC.

  • Kenneth Deitch, DO

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: Ken Deitch, DO, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Korman B-6, 5501 Old York Road, Philadelphia, PA 19141; 215-888-8403, fax 215-456-8502.
    • ,
  • Carl R. Chudnofsky, MD
    • ,
  • Paul Dominici, MD

Received 24 October 2005 ,Revised 26 May 2006 ,Accepted 12 June 2006.

References 

  1. Chudnofsky CR, Lozon M. Sedation and analgesia for procedures. In:  Rosen P,  Marx JA,  Hockberger RS, et al. editor. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine. 6th ed.. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Yearbook; 2006;p. 2938–2955
  2. American Society of Anesthesiology. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology. 2002;96:1004–1017
  3. Abramo TJ, Weibe RA, Scott S, et al. Non-invasive capnometry monitoring for respiratory status during pediatric seizures. Crit Care Med. 1997;25:1242–1246
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  7. De Jonghe B, Cook D, Appere-DeVecchi C, et al. Using and understanding sedation scoring systems: a systematic review [review]. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26:275–285
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  9. Miner JR, Heegaard W, Plummer D. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during procedural sedation. Acad Emerg Med. 2002;9:275–280
  10. Wright SW. Conscious sedation in the emergency department: the value of capnography and pulse oximetry. Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21:551–555
  11. Prstojevich SJ, Sabol SR, Goldwasser MS, et al. Utility of capnography in predicting venous carbon dioxide partial pressure in sedated patients during outpatient oral surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1992;50:37–39
  12. Santos LJ, Varon J, Pic-Aluas L, et al. Practical uses of end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 1994;12:633–644
  13. Poirier MP, Gonzalez Del-Rey JA, McAneney CM, et al. Utility of monitoring capnography, pulse oximetry, and vital signs in the detection of airway mishaps: a hyperoxemic animal model. Am J Emerg Med. 1998;16:350–352
  14. Hunt GS, Spencer MT, Hayes DP. Etomidate and midazolam for procedural sedation: a prospective, randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2005;23:299–303
  15. Kennedy RM, Porter FL, Miller JP. Comparison of fentanyl/midazolam with ketamine/midazolam for pediatric orthopaedic emergencies. Pediatrics. 1998;102:956–963
  16. Miner JR, Biros MH, Heegaard W, et al. Bispectral electroencephalographic analysis of patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10:638–643
  17. Miner JR, Biros MH, Krieg S, et al. Randomized clinical trial of propofol versus methohexital for procedural sedation during fracture and dislocation reduction in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10:931–937
  18. Hart LS, Berns SD, Houck CS, et al. The value of end-tidal CO2 monitoring when comparing three methods of conscious sedation for children undergoing painful procedures in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1997;13:189–193
  19. Weingarten M. Respiratory monitoring during pediatric sedation: pulse oximetry and capnography. Pediatr Dent. 1988;10:94–101
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 Supervising editor: Steven M. Green, MDAuthor contributions: KD and CRC conceived the study and designed the trial. KD, CRC, and PD supervised the conduct of the trial and data collection. KD, CRC, and PD managed the data, including quality control. PD provided statistical advice on study design and analyzed the data. KD drafted the manuscript, and all authors contributed substantially to its revision. KD takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.Funding and support: The authors report this study did not receive any outside funding or support.Reprints not available from the authors.

PII: S0196-0644(06)00870-5

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.06.013

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 49, Issue 1 , Pages 1-8 , January 2007

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