« Previous
Next »
Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 49, Issue 4
, Pages 445-453.e2
, April 2007
Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Two Intravenous Morphine Dosages (0.10 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg) in Emergency Department Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Pain
References
- . Ambulatory care visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments: United States, 2001-02. Vital Health Stat. 2006;159:1–66
- . Patient expectations for pain relief in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2004;22:286–288
- Patient preferences regarding pain medication in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18:376–380
- . Oligoanalgesia in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 1989;7:620–623
- . Intravenous morphine at 0.1 mg/kg is not effective for controlling severe acute pain in the majority of patients. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:362–367
- Relationships between measurement of pain using visual analog score and morphine requirements during postoperative intravenous morphine titration. Anesthesiology. 2003;98:1415–1421
- Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27:485–489
- . Prospective validation of clinically important changes in pain severity measured on a visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38:633–638
- . Validation of a verbally administered numerical rating scale of acute pain for use in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;10:390–392
- . The minimum clinically significant difference in patient-assigned numeric scores for pain. Am J Emerg Med. 2005;23:828–832
- AHFS drug information. Available: http://www.online.statref.com/Document/document.aspx?DocID=1&StartDoc=1&EndDoc=1266&FxID=1&offset=7&sessionID=71C263NJIHVOIIXH. Accessed July 13, 2006.
- . Relationship between intensity and relief in patients with acute severe pain. Am J Emerg Med. 2006;24:162–166
- Defining the clinically significant important difference in pain outcome measures. Pain. 2000;88:287–294
- . Pain management. In: Schwartz GR editors. Principles and Practice of Emergency Medicine. 4th ed.. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1999;
- . Pain management. In: Marx JA editors. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2002;p. 2555–2577
- . Acute pain management. In: Tintinalli J, Kelen G, Stapczynski J editor. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2004;p. 257–264
- . The optimal dose of morphine. JAMA. 1954;156:230–234
- The unequal burden of pain: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain. Pain Med. 2003;4:277–294
- . Ethnicity as a risk factor for inadequate department analgesia. JAMA. 1993;31:1537–1539
- Intravenous bolus of ultra-low-dose naloxone added to morphine does not enhance analgesia in emergency department patients. J Pain. 2006;7:75–81
- Do quantitative changes in pain intensity correlate with pain relief and satisfaction?. Acad Emerg Med. 1998;5:851–857
- . Patient satisfaction with pain management does not correlate with initial or discharge VAS pain score, verbal pain rating at discharge, or change in VAS score in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 2000;19:113–116
- . Nurse-initiated, titrated intravenous opioid analgesia reduces time to analgesia for selected painful conditions. Can J Emerg Med. 2005;7:149–154
- . Safety of a nurse-managed, titrated analgesia protocol for the management of severe pain in the emergency department. Emerg Med. 1999;11:128–132
- . Nurse-initiated intravenous morphine in the emergency department: efficacy, rate of adverse events and impact on time to analgesia. Emerg Med. 2002;14:249–254
- Randomised controlled trial of patient controlled analgesia compared with nurse delivered analgesia in an emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2005;22:25–29
Supervising editor: Steven M. Green, MDAuthor contributions: AB, DE, PEB, LH, and EJG conceived the study and designed the trial. DE supervised the conduct of the trial, the research associates, and data collection, including quality control. PB provided statistical advice on study design and analysis of the data. AB analyzed the data. PB conducted the interim analysis. AB drafted the article, and all authors contributed substantially to its revision. AB takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.Funding and support: The authors report this study did not receive any outside funding or support.Available online September 15, 2006.Reprints not available from the authors.
PII: S0196-0644(06)00885-7
doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.06.030
© 2007 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 49, Issue 4
, Pages 445-453.e2
, April 2007
