Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 49, Issue 3 , Pages 314-316 , March 2007

Improving Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Back to the Basics

  • Mickey S. Eisenberg, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: Mickey Eisenberg, MD, PhD, Emergency Medical Services Division, Public Health Seattle and King County, 999 Third Ave, Suite 700, Seattle, WA 98104; 206-296-4693, fax 206-296-4866

References 

  1. Pantridge JF, Geddes JS. A mobile intensive-care unit in the management of myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1967;2:271–273
  2. Grace WJ, Chadbourn JA. The mobile coronary care unit. Dis Chest. 1969;55:452–455
  3. Nagel EL, Hirschman JC, Nussenfeld SR, et al. Telemetry-medical command in coronary and other mobile emergency care systems. JAMA. 1970;214:332–338
  4. Criley MJ, Lewis AJ, Ailshie GE. Mobile emergency care unit, implementation and justification. Adv Cardiol. 1975;15:9–24
  5. Lewis RP, Stang JM, Fulkerson PK, et al. Effectiveness of advanced paramedics in a mobile coronary care system. JAMA. 1979;241:1902–1904
  6. Cobb LA, Conn RD, Samson WE, et al. Early experiences in the management of sudden death with a mobile intensive coronary care unit. Circulation. 1970;(suppl):III-144
  7. Eisenberg MS. Life in the Balance: Emergency Medicine and the Quest to Reverse Sudden Death. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1997;
  8. Rea TD, Eisenberg MS, Sinibaldi G, et al. Incidence of EMS-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States. Resuscitation. 2004;63:17–24
  9. Eisenberg MS, Cummins RO, Larsen MP. Numerators, denominators, and survival rates: reporting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Am J Emerg Med. 1991;9:544–546
  10. Cummins R, Chamberlain D, Abramson N, et al. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Utstein style. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:861–874
  11. Jacobs I, Nadkarni V, Bahr J, et al. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: update and simplification of the Utstein templates for resuscitation registries. Resuscitation. 2004;63:233–249
  12. Becker LB. Epidemiology of sudden death. In:  Paradis NA,  Halperin HR,  Nowak RM editor. Cardiac Arrest: The Science and Practice of Resuscitation Medicine. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1996;p. 28–47
  13. Hallstrom AP, Cobb LA, Yu BH. Influence of comorbidity on the outcome of patients treated for out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Circulation. 1996;93:2019–2022
  14. Clarke SO, Schellenbaum GD, Rea TD. Socioeconomic factors and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:941–947
  15. Litwin PE, Eisenberg MS, Hallstrom AP, et al. The location of collapse and its effect on survival from cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16:787–791
  16. Clark J, Larsen MP, Culley LL, et al. The incidence of agonal respiration in sudden cardiac death. Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21:1464–1467
  17. Cuddy TE, Tate RB. Sudden unexpected cardiac death as a function of time since the detection of electrocardiographic and clinical risk factors in apparently healthy men: the Manitoba Follow-up Study, 1948-2004. Can J Cardiol. 2006;22:205–211
  18. Rea TD, Shah S, Kudenchuk PJ, et al. Automated external defibrillators: to what extend does the algorithm delay CPR?. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:132–141
  19. Menegazzi JJ, Callaway CW, Sherman LD, et al. Ventricular fibrillation scaling exponent can guide timing of defibrillation and other therapies. Circulation. 2004;109:926–931
  20. Abella BS, Alvarado JP, Myklebust H, et al. Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during in-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. 2005;293:305–310
  21. Handley AJ, Handley SA. Improving CPR performance using an audible feedback system suitable for incorporation into an automated external defibrillator. Resuscitation. 2003;57:57–62
  22. Shy BD, Rea TD, Becker LJ, et al. Time to intubation and survival in prehospital cardiac arrest. Prehospital Emerg Care. 2004;8:394–399
  23. Rea TD, Eisenberg MS, Culley LL, et al. Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival in cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2001;104:2513–2516
  24. Nolan JP, Morley PT, Hoek TL, et al. Advanced Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: an advisory statement by the Advanced Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation). Resuscitation. 2003;57:231–235
  25. Ornato JP, Peberdy MA. Prehospital and emergency department care to preserve neurologic function during and following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Neurol Clin. 2006;24:23–39
  26. Hallstrom A, Rea TD, Sayre MR, et al. Manual chest compression versus use of an automated chest compression device during resuscitation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2006;295:2620–2628
  27. Hauff SR, Rea TD, Culley LL, et al. Factors impeding dispatcher-assisted telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:731–737
  28. White RD, Hankins DG, Bugliosi TF. Seven years' experience with early defibrillation by police and paramedics in an emergency medical services system. Resuscitation. 1998;39:145–151
  29. Hallstrom AP, Ornato JP, Weisfeldt M, et al. Public Access Defibrillation Trial Investigators (Public-access defibrillation and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest). N Engl J Med. 2004;351:637–646
  30. Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Nichol J, et al. Outcomes of rapid defibrillation by security officers after cardiac arrest in casinos. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1206–1209
  31. Larsen MP, Eisenberg MS, Cummins RO, et al. Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a graphic model. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1652–1658
  32. Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Cretin S, et al. Estimating effectiveness of cardiac arrest interventions: a logistic regression survival model. Circulation. 1977;96:3308–3313

 Supervising editor: Donald M. Yealy, MD

 Funding and support: The author reports this study did not receive any outside funding or support.

 Publication dates: Available online September 25, 2006.

 Reprints not available from the author.

PII: S0196-0644(06)01014-6

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.008

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 49, Issue 3 , Pages 314-316 , March 2007

Article Tools