« Previous
Next »
Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 49, Issue 1
, Pages 23-30
, January 2007
A Prospective Evaluation of “Ketofol” (Ketamine/Propofol Combination) for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Emergency Department
References
- . Procedural sedation and analgesia: a review and new concepts. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2005;23:503–517
- . The antiemetic action of propofol. Anaesthesia. 1988;43:239–240
- Effect of propofol on the incidence of postoperative vomiting after strabismus surgery in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesiology. 1991;75:2049
- Hemodynamic effects of propofol: data from over 25,000 patients. Anesth Analg. 1993;77:S21–S29
- . Haemodynamic changes during anaesthesia induced and maintained with propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1988;60:3–9
- Propofol for procedural sedation in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:773–782
- . The semantics of ketamine. [editorial] Ann Emerg Med. 2000;39:480–482
- . Pharmacology of systemic analgesics. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2002;16:475–488
- Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, suppresses spatial and temporal properties of burn-induced secondary hyperalgesia in man: a double-blind, cross-over comparison with morphine and placebo. Pain. 1997;72:99–106
- Low dose ketamine reduces sedative doses of propofol during ambulatory trans-oesophageal echocardiography. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2004;20:41–46
- . A comparison of propofol with a propofol-ketamine combination for sedation during spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1997;84:1318–1322
- . Ketamine sedation for pediatric procedures: part 2, review and implications. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:1033–1046
- Intramuscular ketamine for pediatric sedation in the emergency department: safety profile in 1022 cases. Ann Emerg Med. 1998;31:688–697
- A comparison of fentanyl-propofol with a ketamine-propofol combination for sedation during endometrial biopsy. J Clin Anesth. 2005;17:187–190
- Propofol versus propofol-ketamine for retrobulbar nerve block: comparison of sedation quality, intraocular pressure changes, and recovery profiles. Anesth Analg. 1999;89:317–321
- . Propofol-ketamine technique: dissociative anesthesia for office surgery (a 5-year review of 1264 cases). Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1999;23:70–75
- The effects of small-dose ketamine on propofol sedation: respiration, postoperative mood, perception, cognition, and pain. Anesth Analg. 2001;92:1465–1469
- Manual of Emergency Airway Management. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004;
- . Procedural sedation terminology: moving beyond “conscious sedation”. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;39:433–435
- . End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during procedural sedation. Acad Emerg Med. 2002;9:275–280
- Age and the onset of desaturation in apnoeic children. Can J Anaesth. 1994;41:771–774
- . Propofol: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and use as an intravenous anaesthetic. Drugs. 1998;35:334–372
- Adverse events in a multicenter phase IV study of propofol: evaluation by anesthesiologists and postanesthesia care unit nurses. Anesth Analg. 1993;77:S3–S9
- . A clinical trial of propofol vs midazolam for procedural sedation in a pediatric emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 1999;6:989–997
- . Is propofol safe for procedural sedation in children?. a prospective evaluation of propofol versus ketamine in pediatric critical care. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:1231–1236
- . Intravenous etomidate for procedural sedation in emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2001;8:13–18
- . Etomidate for procedural sedation in emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;39:592–598
- Propofol versus midazolam/fentanyl for reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:13–19
- Comparison of fentanyl/midazolam with ketamine/midazolam for pediatric orthopedic emergencies. Pediatrics. 1998;102:956–963
- . Intravenous ketamine sedation of pediatric patients in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;29:146–150
- Does midazolam alter the clinical effects of intravenous ketamine sedation in children?. a double-blind, randomized, controlled, emergency department trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;36:579–588
- Propofol sedation by emergency physicians for elective pediatric outpatient procedures. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:783–791
- Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:508–513
- . Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;44:460–471
- . A combination of midazolam and ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in adult emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2000;7:228–235
Author contributions: EVW and GA conceived the study. EVW performed background literature review, designed the study, tabulated data, and provided statistical analyses. GA supervised conduct of trial and data collection. EVW and GA drafted article. GA takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.Funding and support: The authors report this study did not receive any outside funding or support.Supervising editor: Steven M. Green, MDReprints not available from the authors.
PII: S0196-0644(06)02004-X
doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.08.002
© 2007 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 49, Issue 1
, Pages 23-30
, January 2007
