Volume 50, Issue 2, Pages 188-192.e33 (August 2007)

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Accessibility of Internet References in Annals of Emergency Medicine: Is It Time to Require Archiving?

Received 26 May 2006; received in revised form 20 October 2006 and 7 November 2006; accepted 15 November 2006. published online 06 February 2007.

Study objective

We seek to evaluate the accessibility of all Internet references appearing in Annals of Emergency Medicine from 2000, 2003, and 2005. Secondary objectives are to determine whether the number of Internet references is increasing and to describe how Internet references are inaccessible.

Methods

We visually scanned all articles for references made in the printed version of Annals of Emergency Medicine for 2000, 2003, and 2005. We identified the Internet references and grouped them into 11 categories according to the results of entering the uniform resource locator (URL) into the Internet browser.

Results

We identified 15,745 references published in Annals of Emergency Medicine. The proportion of Internet references increased from 1% of the total references in 2000 to 5.4% in 2005. Internet references were not readily accessible for 40 of 51 Internet references in 2000 (78%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 65% to 88%), 161 of 286 Internet references in 2003 (56%; 95% CI 50% to 62%), and 111 of 249 Internet references in 2005 (45%; 95% CI 39% to 51%). Inaccessibility was most commonly manifested by URLs that no longer link to active Web sites (172 of 312 inaccessible Internet references [55%]; 95% CI 50% to 61%) and URLs that linked to generic home pages where the authors’ referenced material could not be found (115 of 312 inaccessible Internet references [37%]; 95% CI 32% to 42%).

Conclusion

In Annals of Emergency Medicine, older Internet references appear to be less accessible than newer references. Internet reference archiving is one solution to preserving this information for future readers.

Article Outline

• Abstract

• Introduction

• Materials and Methods

• Results

• Limitations

• Discussion

• Internet References and Categorization Data

• References

• Copyright

Introduction

The desire to preserve important writings for future generations has existed for centuries as people have designed ways to store, catalogue, and retrieve information.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Recently, the Internet has become a transformative technologic advance for dispersing information to a widespread audience. Because searching, organizing, and sharing information has never been easier, authors of medical and scientific articles have been incorporating Internet references to support material in their publications.6, 7 Approximately 3% of all references within recently published scientific and medical journals are Internet references.6, 7 In our own experience retrieving Internet references, we found that many of them were no longer active or no longer contained the material originally referenced in the article. Using Internet references within published articles becomes problematic for the readers of scientific and medical journals if the supporting material for factual statements disappears. This problem has been identified in high-impact-factor journals such as Journal of the American Medical Association, Science, and New England Journal of Medicine.7, 8, 9

Editor’s Capsule Summary

What is already known on this topic

With increasing frequency, scientific articles cite Internet materials in their reference section. The cited sites may not be stable.

What question this study addressed

How often are Internet sites cited in Annals of Emergency Medicine, and do they remain accessible?

What this study adds to our knowledge

Less than one quarter of Web sites cited in 2000 articles and less than half of Web sites cited in 2005 articles were accessible in 2006.

How this might change clinical practice

Unlike references to printed material, references to Internet material are unstable and decay over time. In light of this evidence, journals should consider requiring that all Internet references be made through WebCite or other free, permanent archival services.

Our objective was to evaluate the accessibility of all Internet references appearing in Annals of Emergency Medicine for 2000, 2003, and 2005. Secondary objectives were to determine whether the number of Internet references is increasing and to describe how Internet references are inaccessible.

Materials and Methods

All references published in the printed version of Annals of Emergency Medicine from January through December 2000, 2003, and 2005 were included in our study. We excluded references within advertisements or supplemental publications. We grouped each reference into one of 8 categories: medical/scientific journals, books and book chapters, government documents, presentations and announcements, newsletters and newspapers, databases and software, pamphlets and package inserts, and Internet references. The Internet reference category comprised our main study group.

Throughout a 2-month period (August to September 2006), we attempted to access all Internet references cited in Annals of Emergency Medicine during our study years. In a post hoc analysis, we classified the Internet references into 11 categories (Table 1). To better interpret the data, we then organized the 11 categories in 2 main groups. The first group consisted of Internet references that were readily accessible and contained information that the author intended to cite. The second group consisted of Internet references that failed to contain readily accessible information that the author intended to cite.

Table 1.

Internet reference categories and descriptions of these categories.


	Internet Reference Category	Description of Category
	Internet references that are readily accessible
	Active site	A Web site that immediately displayed the authors’ intended information
	Reference found with site search	A related but generic home page appeared, and the information could be identified using the site-specific search engine⁎
	Temporarily unavailable but now active	A Web site that initially gave a “temporarily unavailable” message, but the site became active during our data collection period
	Internet references that are not readily accessible
	Restricted site	A Web site that required a password to enter and search the site
	Publisher’s site	A Web site in which the book or software that contained the authors’ intended information could be purchased
	Reference not found with site search	A related but generic home page appeared, but the site-specific search engine could not locate the authors’ intended information within the first 10 results
	No site search capability	A related but generic home page appeared, but the Web site did not have a site-specific search function to locate the authors’ intended information
	Temporarily unavailable	An Internet reference that remained in this category consistently gave a “temporarily unavailable” message throughout our data collection period
	Updated version of same information	A Web site that contained the authors’ intended information, but the data had clearly been updated since the reference had been published in Annals of Emergency Medicine†
	Information mismatch	A Web site that has no relation to the authors’ intended information
	No site found	A Web site could not be found or a 404 error occurred

⁎

See text for a description of a related but generic home page.

†

For example, an eMedicine article with the same title and author as referenced in Annals of Emergency Medicine that had been modified after publication of the Internet reference.

We entered all the Internet references into a spreadsheet and checked the spelling of each uniform resource locator (URL) against the original published Internet reference at the time of data entry and again if the Internet reference was placed in the “no site found” category. The spreadsheet was linked to an Internet browser (Firefox, version 1.5.0.1; Mozilla Foundation, Mountain View, CA), and double-clicking on each URL directly from the spreadsheet accessed the URLs. These spreadsheets can be found in Appendix E1, available online at http://www.annemergmed.com. We were concerned that the dynamic nature of the Internet would give the “no site found” message or “temporarily unavailable” message erroneously. To avoid misclassification when these messages appeared, we retried each site at least 24 hours after the failed attempt.

We frequently encountered a situation in which the URL would access a generic home page. The authors’ intended information would be related to the content on the home page, but the specific topic cited by the author could not be identified by scrolling through the Web site. For example, a URL that links to the New York Times Web site will be active, but the information the authors intended to cite will no longer be on the home page. Because the main purpose of the study was to evaluate the accessibility of referenced information on the Internet, we thought that classifying these URLs as active sites was inappropriate. In an attempt to locate the authors’ intended information, we used the site-specific search engine. Phrases that represented the authors’ intended information as published were then entered into the data spreadsheet. We used the copy and paste functions to transfer the text directly from the “intended information” column in the spreadsheet to the site-specific search bar on the Web site. The first 10 results produced by each search were reviewed, and the Internet references were then categorized according to the results of these individual searches. If the authors’ intended information was found, the Internet reference was classified in the “reference found with the site search” category. If the information could not be found, the Internet reference was placed in the “reference not found with the site search” category.

The number of Internet references in each category was totaled and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the cii, Wilson command (Stata, version 9.1; StataCorp, College Station, TX). Because our study contained information available to the public and did not involve human subject intervention, institutional review board review or oversight was not required.

Results

We identified 15,745 references published in Annals of Emergency Medicine in 2000, 2003, and 2005. References made to the medical/scientific journals and magazines composed 85% of the total references identified during the 3 years. The Internet reference category was the third largest group of references and contributed 4% of the total references (Table 2).

Table 2.

Frequency of references by category in Annals of Emergency Medicine in 2000, 2003, and 2005 (n=15,745).


Internet Reference Category	2000	2003	2005	%⁎
Medical/scientific journals	4,672	4,843	3,874	85
Books and book chapters†	423	603	386	9
Internet references	51	286	249	4
Government documents‡	35	81	22	1
Presentations and announcements§	29	28	41	1
Newsletters and newspapers	53	29	7	1
Databases and software	5	5	9	<1
Pamphlets and package inserts	8	1	5	<1
Total references	5,276	5,876	4,593

⁎

Total percentage will not equal 100, because of rounding.

†

Includes monographs and dissertations.

‡

Includes acts, laws, and governmental policy statements (not otherwise referenced).

Includes professional meetings, press releases, stage plays, and professional society guideline statements (not otherwise referenced).

The proportion of references that were Internet references increased throughout our 3 study years. Fifty-one of 5,276 total references (1%; 95% CI 0.7% to 1.3%) in 2000, 286 of 5,876 references (4.9%; 95% CI 4.3% to 5.4%) in 2003, and 249 of 4,593 (5.4%; 95% CI 4.8% to 6.1%) in 2005 were Internet references.

When comparing the categories of Internet references, we found that the number of Internet references that no longer accessed the authors’ intended information increased over time. Forty of the 51 Internet references in 2000 (78%; 95% CI 65% to 88%), 161 of the 286 Internet references in 2003 (56%; 95% CI 50% to 62%), and 111 of the 249 Internet references in 2005 (45%; 95% CI 39% to 51%) no longer allowed access to the authors’ intended information.

To better describe how the Internet references are inaccessible, we compared the 8 categories of Internet references that did not readily link to the authors’ intended information. During the 3 years, 172 Internet references (55% of inaccessible Internet references; 95% CI 50% to 61%) could not locate a Web site. One hundred fifteen (37% of inaccessible Internet references; 95% CI 32% to 42%) of the inaccessible Internet references linked to a generic and related Web site, but the authors’ intended information could not be identified (Table 3). Of the 4 Internet references that gave a “temporarily unavailable” message initially (1% of total Internet references; 95% CI 0.3% to 1.7%), none of those Internet references became readily accessible during our study period and, therefore, remained in this category.

Table 3.

Frequency of Internet reference by category in Annals of Emergency Medicine in 2000, 2003, and 2005.


Internet Reference Category	2000 (n=51)	2003(n=286)	2005(n=249)	All Years(n=586)
Information readily accessible, No. (%)
Active site	11(22)	104(36)	112(45)	227(39)
Reference found with site search	0	21(7)	26(10)	47(8)
Temporarily unavailable but now active	0	0	0	0
Information not readily accessible, No. (%)
Restricted site	0	1(<1)	1(<1)	2(<1)
Publisher’s site	1(2)	1(<1)	0	2(<1)
Reference not found with site search	8(16)	51(18)	36(14)	95(16)
No site search capability	5(10)	7(2)	8(3)	20(3)
Temporarily unavailable	0	2(1)	2(1)	4(1)
Updated version of same information	2(4)	6(2)	6(2)	14(2)
Information mismatch	0	3(1)	0	3(1)
No site found	24(47)	90(31)	58(23)	172(29)

Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

Limitations

We did not have a computerized method for identifying references within Annals of Emergency Medicine, so we manually reviewed each issue. It is conceivable that we overlooked or misclassified references. Some references were in languages other than English, but none of these references had the format of an Internet reference. We are not aware of a validated method for determining whether Internet references contain the authors’ intended information. Difficulty in determining whether the Internet reference linked to the authors’ intended Web site could have led us to misclassify some of the references. We provide all 586 of the Internet references on the Web version of this article (Appendix E1, available online at http://www.annemergmed.com) to allow the reader the opportunity to identify such misclassifications. Although we attempted to access the Internet references that were not active or temporarily unavailable at 2 points, it is conceivable that additional attempts to access those URLs would have changed the classification of those Internet references. We had no method for systematically identifying typographic errors within the published Internet references. Correcting typographic errors might change the classification of some Internet references. Although other journals have reported similar results,7, 8, 9, 10 the references were sampled from Annals of Emergency Medicine, and the results may not generalize to other journals.

Discussion

The Internet references published in Annals of Emergency Medicine appear to become less readily accessible over time. Five years after publication, 78% of the Internet references no longer allowed the reader to readily access the authors’ intended information as cited in the published reference section. Previous publications have reported that 4.4% of Internet references become inaccessible after 3 months,8 13% after 1 year,7 and 59% at 3 years.10 Even though previous publications have different definitions of accessibility, the gradual loss of Internet information demonstrated in our study agrees with previous reports.

Of the 586 Internet references identified in our study, 312 were not readily accessible. Of these inaccessible Internet references, 55% could not link to an active Web site, and 37% would link to a generic but related Web site that did not contain the authors’ intended information. During our attempts at accessing these Internet references, we often could not decide whether we were viewing the material the authors had viewed when writing the article. A central function of references is to provide support for statements put forward by an author. If a reader questions a fact, he or she can go to the supporting reference and review that information. Traditionally, if a journal article is cited in a reference section, that journal can be accessed and the reader can be confident that the article he or she is reading was the exact article that the author intended to cite. The reader may then participate in a dialogue with the author by challenging his interpretation of the data presented in the reference. If this dialogue is held in a public forum such as in a letter to the editor, the readers may benefit from a deeper insight into the topic at hand. Authors are held to a high degree of accountability for the factual statements they make and reference. If the supporting material in a reference disappears or changes over time, components of a meaningful dialogue and author accountability are damaged.

Internet references composed approximately 3% of the total references appearing in recently published scientific and medical journals.6, 7 Our data demonstrate increased use of Internet references in Annals of Emergency Medicine. From 2000 to 2005, Internet references increased from 1% to more than 5% of the total references. Because of the convenience of the Internet, authors are recognizing the value of the Internet as a resource. If the use of Internet references continues to increase, the problems associated with inaccessible information will increase also.

Several solutions to the problem of inaccessible Internet references have been proposed. Published reports have suggested that the author or publisher keep a digital or hard copy of the information contained within an Internet reference.8, 9, 11, 12 These solutions are not intuitively appealing because authors may become unavailable and publishers may go out of business. Now that the technology exists to digitally archive information, a better solution available to authors and publishers is the archiving of Internet references. The 2 archiving systems that are available are Internet Archive (available at http://www.archive.org) and WebCite (available at http://www.webcitation.org).9, 10, 11, 12

Both of these systems can be used free by authors, readers, journals, and publishers.9, 10 In comparing Internet Archive to WebCite, we feel that WebCite is the better system. Internet Archive is limited in that it can store only static information, thus excluding video, representation of databases, and other dynamic sources.12, 13 In addition, Internet Archive acts as a crawler, so Internet references that have password restrictions or restrictions to “crawlers” may not be accessible.12 WebCite, on the other hand, takes a “snapshot” of the Web site and immediately provides a “permalink” URL that the author can publish.10 The permalink URL will immediately take the reader to the snapshot of the Web site. The WebCite’s use of the permalink would ensure that the reader was viewing the exact Web site the author had viewed when writing the article. Last, WebCite has formed partnerships with libraries and preservation consortia that have legally agreed to support the service to ensure long-term availability to authors, readers, and publishers.10

There is no standardized requirement among scientific or medical journals’ instruction to authors for archiving Internet references.14 As of 2003, 99% of high-impact journals do not provide instructions to authors on archiving digital information.11 Given the increasing inaccessibility of Internet references over time, we concur with previous recommendations that the time to require archiving of Internet references has arrived.6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12

Internet References and Categorization Data

Appendix E1.


Web site	Intended Info	Classification	Original Annals reference
Jan-00
http://www.fsis.usda.gov/ophs/salmdata.html	HACCP implementation: first year Salmonella test results 1998-1999	5	Karras. Incidence of Foodborne illnesses: preliminary data from the goodborne diseases active surveillance network. CDC Update. 2000 35:1:92-95
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol3no4/tauxe.htm	Tauxe RV. Emerging Food Borne Diseases	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol5no 1/altekruse.htm	Altekruse, Stem, et al. C.jejuni-an emerging foodborne pathogen.	0	same as above
http://www.detoxcenter.com	Gooberman LL. Heroin detox: 4 hr medical procedure	6	Bulthuis, Diaz. Ultrarapid opiate detoxification (letter). 2000. 35:1;100-101
http://www.phillynews.com/inquirer/99/sep/29/sj/	Bahadur, Stenzler. NJ panel is probing detox physician	5	same as above
Feb-00
http://www.acep.org/policy	Emergency information form for children with special needs; policy statement 1999	5	Abrunzo, et al. Role of Emergency Physicians in the care of the child in school. 2000. 35:2;155-159
Mar-00
http://www.medpac.gov	Medicare Payment Advisory Commission; Report to the Congress.March 1999	5	Henry, et al. Inadequate hospital reimbursement for victims of motor vehicle crashes due to health reform legislation. 35:3;3;277-282
http://www.hcfa.gov/medicaid/bba2208c.htm	Medicaid policies under the balanced budget act of 1997. State Medicaid Director letter feb. 1998	0	Irvin, Fox. Reimbursement impact of Medicaid managed care organizations replacing standard medicaid. 2000. 35:3;287-290
http://www.hcfa.gov/medicaid/trends97.htm	National summary of medicaid managed care programs and enrollment, June 1997	0	same as above
http://www.freep.com	Anstett P. Big Loss hits Ford Health System. Nov. 1998	5	same as above
http://www.hcfa.gov/medicaid/bba-qmb.htm	Medicaid policies under the balanced budget act of 1997. Medicaid director letter Nov. 1997	0	same as above
http://www.aispub.com	HCFA checking emergency room provider complaints over prudent layperson ignorance. Aug 23, 1999	6	Tintinalli. Analysis of insurance payment denials using prudent layperson standard. 2000. 35:3;291-293
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/abcs/gas98.pdf	1999 Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Report, Emerging Infections Program	0	Talan, Moran. Commentary: Use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis for investigation of a cluster of invasive GAS illnesses. CDC Update. 2000. 35:3;308-310
Apr-00
May-00
http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/data/inj.pdf	Instructions for completing the cause-of-death section of the death certificate for injury and poisoning	0	Hoppe-Roberts, et al. Poisoning Mortality statistics in the US; Comparison of national mortality staistics and poison control center reports. 2000; 35:5;440-446
http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/about/major/dvs/brief.htm	Possible solutions to common problems in death certification, 1997	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/datawh/statab/unpubd/mortabs/gmwki.htm	General mortality tables, total deaths for each cause by 5 year age groups, United States, 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996.	1	same as above
Jun-00
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/nhlbi/nhlbi.htm	Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma	0	Boudreaux, et al. Telephone follow-up after the ED visit: Experience with acute asthma. 2000; 35:6;555-563
http://www2.cdc.gov/nccdphp/brfss/display.adp	CDC tobacco use prevalence 1996	0	same as above
http://www.acep.org/policy/PO400198.HTM	Non beneficial emergency medical interventions; policy statement march 1998	0	Marco, et al. Determination of futility in Emergency Medicine. 2000. 35:6;604-612
Jul-00
http://www.hcqualitycommission.gov/	President’s Advisory Commission on Consumer protection. Quality First:Better Health Care for all Americans	1	Wears, et al. Human Error in Medicine: Promise and pitfalls, Part I (Health policy) 2000. 36:1;58-60
http://www.spectator.org	Grossman E. God’s work.	6	same as above
Aug-00
http://www.fda.gov/cber/gdlns/popharm.pdf	US dept. Health and Human Svs. Guidance for industry population pharmacokinetics. 1999	1	Sivilotti, et al. Toxicokinetics of ethylene glycol during fomepizole therapy: implications for management. 2000. 36:2;114-125
http://www.fahs.com	Hospital in Crisis. Post BBA and Post BBRA. Ernst and Young and HCIA-Sachs 5/2000	5	Baxt. Crisis at america’s teaching hospitals. 2000. 36:2;145-148
http://www.fahs.com	Talking Points. Federation of American Health System, Bulletin. May 8, 2000.	6	same as above
http://www.nap.edu	America’s Health Care Safety Net: intact but endangered.	7	same as above
http://www.crtia.be	Mapfe Medical Foundation. Brugada syndrome.	6	Jones, Gage. Brugada Syndrome as the cause of syncope in a 49 year old man. 2000. 36:2;156-159
Sep-00
http://www.saem.org/rescat/contents.htm	SAEM Residency Catalog	1	Emond, et al. Asthma education in the ED. 2000. 36:3;204-211
http://www.AsthmalnAmerica.com	Schulman, Ronca, and Bucuvalas. Asthma in America	0	same as above
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/	PubMed	1	Cydulka. Easire Breathing? (Editorial). 2000. 36:3;236-238
http://www.njkidcare.org	NJ Kidcare FAQ	0	Nedza, et al. Emergency departments and uninsured children: An enrollment opportunity (Editorial). 2000. 36:3;240-242
http://www.bmjpg.com/rct	Jadad. Randomised controlled trials: A user’s guide	0	Jadad, Cepeda. Ten challenges at the intersection of clinical research, evidence-based medicine, and pain relief. (EBEM Commentary). 2000. 36:3;247-252
http://www.consort-statement.org	Consort Web Site	1	same as above
http://www.cma.ca/cmaj/vol-162/issue-3/0362.htm	Jadad, et al. Internet and evidence-based decision-making: a needed synergy for efficient knowledge management in health care.	0	same as above
Oct-00
http://www.honduras.com/vital-statistics/	Data File and Documentation for public use (Death rates)	8	Richman, et al. Injury Control in Honduras: a survey of injury mortality. 2000. 36:4;333-339
http://www.oas.org/EN/MSTATES/gofhon.htm	1996 population and administrative divisions in 1997	0	same as above
http://www.honduras.com/vitals-statistics/hondurasmap.jpg	Map of administrative divisions of 1997	5	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/osp/us9693/oieaer.htm	Public-use data file and documentation.	0	same as above
http://www.lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/hntoc.html	Merrill, ed. US Library of congress country study-Honduras	0	same as above
http://acep.org/POLICY/P0400052	Motor Vehicle Safety	0	Corneli, et al. Adults and Children in Motor Vehicle Crashes: a matched pairs study. 2000. 36:4;340-345
http://www.near.edu	National Emergency Airway Registry	1	Grossman, Schriger. Immobilization technique and blade choice in the endotracheal intubation of trauma patients (Editorial). 2000. 36:4;351-353
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/hivinfo.htm	National Center for HIV, STD, and TB prevention web site.	1	Merchant. Nonoccupational HIV postexposure prophylaxis. 2000. 36:4;366-375
http://www.hivatis.org	HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service	5	same as above
www.psychiatry.med.uwo.ca/ddp/education/titlepage.htm	Published health care guidelines for specific diagnostic entities assoc. with MR	0	Sullivan, et al. Enhancing the Emergency department outcomes of patients with mental retardation (letter) 2000. 36:4;399-400
Nov-00
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda/ar18ttoc.htm	Preliminary estimates from the 1995 National Household Survey on drug abuse	0	Feldman, et al. Acute cardiac ischemia in patients with cocaine-associated complaints. 2000. 36:5;469-476
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/dawn/ar17_toc.htm	Preliminary estimates from the drug abuse warning network	0	same as above
www.asahq.org/Standards/20.htm	Standards: continuum of depth of sedation/definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia	0	Green, Krauss. The semantics of ketamine (Editorial). 2000. 36:5;480-482
www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic802.htm	Li J. Ketamine: emergency applications	8	same as above
http://www.american-heart.org/statistics/05stroke.html	AHA Statistics, 2000. Stroke	0	Neumar. Molecular mechanisms of ischemic neuronal injury. 2000. 36:5;483-506
http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epc/	Evidence-based practice centers; synthesizing scientific evidence to ijmpmrove quality and effectiveness in clinical care.	1	Schriger. One is the loneliest number: Be skeptical of evidence summaries based on limited literature reviews. (EBEM). 2000. 36:5;517-519
Dec-00
http://venus.census.gov/cdrom/lookup	1990 Census Lookup: Database STF3C-Part I	0	Harper, et al. Motor vehicle crash fatalities: A comparison of Hispanic and non-Hispanic motorists in Colorado. 2000.36:6;589-596
http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/contents/full/102/2/e16	Shaw, Gorelick, McGowan, et al. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile young children in the emergency department	0	Baraff Management of fever without a source in infants and children. 2000. 36:6;602-614
2003
Jan-03
http://www.nrahq.org/education/guide.asp	NRA Gun Safety Rules	1	Milne, et al. Effect of current federal regulations on handgun safety features. 2003. 41:1;1-9
http://www.smith-wesson.com/misc/ilock.html	A Lock You can’t Lose; Smith & Wesson announces new internal firearms locking system	0	same as above
http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate10.html	1999 United states; firearm deaths and rates per 100,000	5	Ismach, et al. Unintended shootings in a large metropolitan area. 2003. 41:1;10-16
http://www.nra.org	A parents guide to gun safety	4	same as above
http://www.nra.org/eddie/eddiemain.html	NRA’s Eddie Eagle Program	0	same as above
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/gun_violence/profile49.html	Fairfax, Eddie eagle elementary gun safety education program	1	same as above
http://www.taurususa.com/PDF2002/security.pdf	Taurus Internation Manufacturing web site	0	Teret, Lewin. Policy and technology for safer guns.2003. 41:1;32-34
http://www.nraila.orgNewsCenter.asp?FormMode=Detail&ID=894&T=print	Beretta announces position concerning “smart gun” technology.	0	same as above
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/archives	Eisenberg. Flu victims are flooding into ER. Jan. 31, 2000	5	Lambe, et al. Waiting times in California’s Emergency Departments. 2003. 41:1;35-43
http://my.webmd.com/content/article/1728.55255	Hoffman. Patience lost in overcrowded ER’s	1	same as above
http://www.emsa.ca.gov/Dms2/hospcrwdrpt.asp	California healthcare crisis: overview of hospital/EMS winter 1997-98	1	same as above
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~atlas	Bubolz, Fisher, Gittelsohn. The Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care in the Pacific States	5	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad313.pdf	McCraig. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survery 1998	1	same as above
http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/st-99-3.txt	US Bureau of the Census. 1990-99	1	same as above
http://www.hworks.advisory.com/pdfs/hworks_ed_cs_stmarks.pdf	The Clockwork ED; H*works	0	same as above
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/rajm/jspib.htm	Matthews RAJ. Why should clinicians care about Bayesian methods?	1	Schriger. How do we draw inference from “negative” studies? (Commentary) 2003. 41:1;69-71
http://www.fda.gov/ora/compliance_ref/bimo/err_guide.htm	FDA. Guidance for IRB…exception from informed consent requirements	1	Shah, Sugarman.Protecting research subjects under the waiver of informed consent for emergency research. 2003. 41:1;72-78
http://www.corporate-ir.net/ireye/ir_site.zhtml?ticker=ICOS&script=460&layout=0&item_id=178159	ICOS announces clinical results of hemorrhagic shock trial	1	same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,4526.0.html	Advertising policy statement; ACEP	0	Callaham. Journal policy on ethics in scientific publication (editorial). 2003. 41:1;82-89
http://www.aan.com/professionals/practice/guidelines.cfm	Matcher, Young, Rosenberg. Evidence based guidelines for migraine HA. April 2000	5	Vinson, et al. Variations among Eds in the treatment of benign headache. 2003. 41:1;90-97
http://www.ewjm.com/cgi/content/full/173/3/189	Kelly. Migraine; pharmacotherapy in the ED	0	same as above
http://hookman.com/mp9807.htm	1998 data from US General Accounting Office, ohio Hosp. Assoc. and St. Paul insurance co.	9	Croskerry. Cognitive forcing strategies in clinical decisionmaking. 2003. 41:1;110-120
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/bja/fs000247.pdf	Strategic approaches to clandestine drug laboratory enforcement fact sheet	1	Lee J. Anhydrous ammonia Eye injuries Associated with illicit Methamphetamine Production (letter). 2003. 41:1;157
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/176331.pdf	Pennel, Ellett, Reinick, et al. Meth matters: report on methamphetamine users in five western cities.	1	same as above
Feb-03
http://www.acem.org.au/open/documents/triage.htm	Policy statement. The Australasian triage scale	0	Nakagawa, et al. Interobserver agreement in ED triage. 2003. 41:2;191-196
http://www.acem.org.au/open/documents/triageguide.htm	Guidelines for the implementation of the Australasian triage scale in ED	0	same as above
http://www.caep.ca/002.policies/00202.CTAS/CTAS-guidelines.htm	Beveridge, Clarke, Janes. Implementation guidelines for the Canadian ED Triage and Acuity Scale	5	same as above
http://www.jcprdw1.jcaho.org/trkhco_frm.html	JCAHO Revisions to Anesthesia Care Standards for Comprehensive Accreditation manual by hospitals by the Commissions on Accreditation of Health care Organizations.	0	Gill, Green, Krauss. A study of the bispectral index monitor during Procedural sedation and analgesia in the ED. 2003. 41:2;234-241
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/Rnotes/1999/98obbelt.html	Research note: observed safety belt use in 1998	1	Vaca. Commentary: making progress…with a growing caution. NHTSA Notes. 2003. 41:2;272-275.
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/Rpts/2002/809-500.pdf	Safety belt and helmet use in 2002; overall results	1	same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2001/2001overview.pdf	Traffic safety facts 2001; overview	1	same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/Rpts/2002/809-438.pdf	Characteristics of fatal rollover crashes. 2002	1	same as above
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rollover/	Rollover; the hidden story of the SUV	1	same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/economic/EconImpact2000/EconomicImpact.pdf	The economic impact of motor vehicle crashes, 2000	0	same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/Rpts/2002/Assess01.pdf	Motor vehicle traffic crash fatality and injury estimates for 2001	1	same as above
http://www.ncsl.org/programs/esnr/trafficsafety01.pdf	Savage, Kawanabe, et al. State Traffic Safety legislative summary 2001	0	same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/Rpts/2002/00AlcoholRpt.pdf	Alcohol involvement in fatal crashes 2000	1	same as above
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/homicide/intimates.htm	Fox, Zawitz, Homicide trends in the US; intimate homicide	1	Wintemute, et al. Increased risk of intimate partner homicide among California women who purchased handguns (letter). 2003. 41:2;281-283
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/surv&control.htm	Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases; West Nile Virus	1	Kulstad. West Nile Encephalitis Presenting as a stroke. 2003. 41:2;283
Mar-03
http://www.cmanet.org/publicdoc.cfm/574/1	CMA. California’s emergency services; a system in crisis. Jan. 2001	4	Tsai, et al. Declininc payments for ED care, 1996-1998. 2003. 41:3;299-308.
http://www.cmanet.org/publicdoc.cfm/574/1	A system in crisis; more ERs shut; losses grow. Nov. 2001	5	same as above
http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/PrintProducts/PrintProdSearch.asp	Cohen. Sample design of the 1996 Medical Expenditure Survey Household Component: 1997	0	same as above
http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/PrintProducts/PrintProdSearch.asp	Cohen. Sample design of the 1997 Medical expenditure Survey Household Componet: 2000	0	same as above
http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/PrintProducts/PrintProdSearch.asp	Cohen, DiGaetano, Goksel. Estimation procedures in the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Compoenent. 1999	0	same as above
http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/racethn/1995/stat40rp.htm	Tucker, McKay, Kojetin. Testing methods of collecting racial and ethnic information.	1	same as above
http://www.cmwf.org/programs/minority/fagnani_dependsafetynethospitals_351.asp	Fagnani, Tolvert. The dependent of safety net hospitals and health systems on the Medicare.	0	same as above
http://www.meps.ahrq.gov	MEPS: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey	8	Wears. How many ED visits are there? (Commentary). 2003. 41:3;319-321
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm	Ambulatory Health Care Data; estimated 1998 ED visits	4	same as above
http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract-us.html	Census. Statistical Abstract of the US 2002	1	same as above
http://www.nationalhomeless.org/facts.html	Facts about homelessness; Coalition for the Homeless	0	same as above
http://gasnet.med.yale.edu/esia/1998/june/samart.html	Levitan. Direct laryngoscopy imaging; teaching and reasearch applications. synopses June 1998	1	Levitan, et al. Head elevated laryngoscopy position: Improving laryngeal exposure. 2003. 41:3;322-330
http://www.acc.org	Braunwald. Antman, Beasley. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-st segment elevation MI.	5	Pollack, Roe, Peterson. 2002 update to the ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-Segment elevation MI. 2003. 41:2;355-368
http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/nov96/1999/index.htm	ACC website: Urgent reperfusion with fibrinolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention	5	same as above
http://www.clinicaltrialresults.org	Clinical Trials website: TIMI risk score downloadable for palm	5	same as above
http://www.cites.org	International Trade in Endangered species of wild fauna and flora website; new classification for the hognosed viper	5	Schier, et al. Efficacy of Crotalidae polyvalent antivenin for the treatment of hognosed viper envenomation. 2003. 41:3;391-395
http://www3.cancer.gov/prevention/bb/satscan.html	Kulldorf, Rand, Williams. SaTScan version 1.0	1	Moran, Talan. CDC Update.Syndromic surveillance for bioterrorism following the attacks on the World Trade Center. 2003. 41:3;414-418
http://www.east.org	EAST Ad Hoc Committee for the development of Practice Management Guidelines. Trauma practice guidelines.	5	Green, Rothrock. Reply to Pediatric Trauma is a surgical disease (letter). 2003. 41:3;424-425
http://www.acgme.org	Report of ACGME resident duty hours. June 11,2002	4	Tyler. Resident work hours (letter). 2003. 41:3;427-428
http://www.bma.org.uk	Junior doctors committee, British Medical Assoc. Junior doctors: hours of work, out of hours pay and the Eurpoean Working Time Directive	6	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/	Web-based injury statistics query and reporting systems. CDC web site	5	Wintemute. Gun carrying among male adolescents as a function of gun ownership in the general population (letter). 2003. 41:3;428-429
Apr-03
http://www.ashp.org/bestpractices/drugdistribution/Drug%20Distribution%20and%20Control%20Preparation%20Handling%20Guideline%20Assu.%20for%20Phar.%20Prep.%20Ster.%20Prod.pdf	ASHP guideline on quality assurance for pharmacy-prepared sterile products.	0	Geller, et al. Atropine availability as an antidote for nerve agent casualties. 2003. 41:4;453-456
http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/mck_report/toc.html	City of New York. The McKinsey Report. Increasing FDNY’s awareness	1	Cone, et al. Convergent volunteerism (Editorial). 2003. 41:4;457-461
http://www.epmonthly.com/EPNewsInRealm.asp?showarchive=1&artname=275	Glueck, Cihak. Docs deserve a little credit	0	same as above
www.cityconnections.com/njleag/m1091701.html	Dressel. World trade center disaster incident report #1. New Jersey League of municipalities, 2001	0	same as above
www.t2.unh.edu/fall98/pg6-7.html	Univ. New Hampshire Technology Transfer Center. Incident command system	1	same as above
http://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-068.pdf	Fire, Police and EMS Coordination at apartment building explosion; Harlem, NYC. Nov. 1992.	1	same as above
http://www.coe-dmha.org	AufderHeide. Disaster Response: principles of Preparation and Coordination.1989	5	AufDerHeide. Convergence behavior in disasters (Editorial). 2003. 41:4;463-466
www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/mck_report/toc.html	McKinsey and Company; Increasing FDNY’s preparedness.	1	same as above
http://www.justiceworks.unh.edu	Lund DA. Learning to Talk: The lessons of Non-operability in public safety communications systems	6	same as above
http://www.cbaci.org/main.htm	Manzi, Powers, Zetterlund. Critical information flows in the Alfred Murrah Building Bombing	0	same as above
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/combinedregtext.pdf	Dept. of Health and Human Svcs. Standards for Privacy of individually identifiable health information	1	same as above
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa/finalreg.html	Standards for privacy of individually identifiable health information	4	same as above
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/edCrowdingReport.pdf.2002	Franaszek, Asplin, Brunner. Responding to emergency dept. crowding; a guidebook for chapters.	0	same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,5201,0.html	ACEP. Gov. overcrowding survey to collect crucial information.	0	same as above
http://www.state.ma.us/dph/bhqm/ambdiv.htm	Mass healthcare ambulance diversion task force.	0	same as above
http://www.nihp.org/EACS%20Dialogue%208-27-02.htm	NIH Policy. Emergency and acute care system capacity stakeholders dialogues. Aug 27 and Sept 30, 2002	0	same as above
http://www.empath.md/results/index.htm	EMPATH. Results and key performance indicators web page; ambulance diversion	6	same as above
http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/info/census96.cfm	Statistics Canada. 1996 census	1	Govindarajan, Schull. Effect of socioeconomic status on out-of-hospital delays of patients with chest pain. 2003. 41:4;481-488
http://cran.r-project.org	CRAN web site; quantreg add-on package	4	same as above
http://www.utoronto.ca/emergmed/prehospital.html	Pre-hospital care division, Univ. of Toronto.	0	same as above
http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2001/safety01.htm#inapsi	MedWatch 2001 Safety Information summaries: Inapsine	1	Kao, et al. Droperidol, QT prolongation, and sudden death (Review). 2003. 41:4;546-558
http://www.emea.eu.int/pdfs/human/ich/04-2302.pdf	European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. pharm studies for assessing the potential for delayed ventricular repolarization	0	same as above
http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/articles/dig/rcontent.htm	Goldman, Kennedy, Lieberman. Clinical therapeutics and the recognition of drug-induced disease. FDA	1	same as above
http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/articles/medcont/obj.htm	Goldman. The clinical impact of adverse event reporting	1	same as above
http://www.who.int/medicines/library/pnewslet/npn0101.html	Essential drugs and medicines policy newsletter no. 1. WHO	0	same as above
http://www.cnr.colostate.edu/~anderson/thompson1.html	Colorado State Univ. 326 articles/books questioning the indiscriminate use of statistical hypothesis tests in observational studies	1	Cooper, et al. Reporting research results: Recommendations for improving communication (Editorial). 2003. 41:4;561-564
http://www.ama-assn.org/vapp/freida/spcstsc.0,2654,110,00.html	NRMP Match 2001	0	Lewin. Pregnancy, parenthood, and family leave during residency. Resident’s Perspective. 2003. 41:4;569-573
http://www.aafp.org/x6959.xml	AAFP. Parental leave during residency training	1	same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/meetings/public/annual98/reports/cme/cmerpt6.htm	Policies for maternal, family and medical necessity leave for resident and employed physicians	0	same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/	Existence of fatality analysis reporting system; web-based	1	McKay. Commentary: Emergency Physicians and Emerging Technologies: special crash investigations. NHTSA notes. 2003. 41:4;576-579
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-01/summaries/nass_98.html	National Center for stats and analysis web site; NASS	1	same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/SCI.html	Special crash investigations	1	same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-50/ciren/ciren.html	Crash Injury Research and Engineering network	1	same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/TextVer/CDS.html	Crashworthiness Data System	1	same as above
May-03
http://www.guidelines.gov/static/whatsnew.guidel.asp?view=resources.guidelines	National Guideline Clear House	0	Buller-Close, et al. Heterogenous effect of an emergency department expert charting system. 2003. 41:5;644-652
http://www.ama-assn.org/	Smoak. Report to the Board of trustees; clincial practice guidelines and clinical quality improvement activities.	5	same as above
http://www.icsi.org/knowledge/detail.asp?catID=29&itemID=149	Institute fro Clinical Systems Improvement Web site. Adult low back pain	1	same as above
http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/trip1998/index.html	Translating Evidence into Practice 1998; conference summary	1	same as above
http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/fedreg/a011130c.html	Federal Register. Vol 66, No. 231, Part 3, pp.59879-59883	1	Ross, et al.The use and effectiveness of an ED ovservation unit for elderly patients. 2003. 41:5;668-677.
http://www.hcfa.gov/pubforms/13_int/a3660.htm#_3663_0	HCFA Intermediary Manual. Chapter VII-Bill Review 2001	0	same as above
http://www.ifrc.org/what/response	Report from the center for research on the epidemiology of disasters	5	Green, et al. Disaster drills in developing countries. 2003. 41:5;689-699
http://www.ifrc.org/what/response/refugees	International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies	0	same as above
http://www.ifrc.org/what	World Natural Hazards Report, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies	5	same as above
http://www.ifrc.org/what/response	World Natural Hazards Report	5	same as above
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/10/29/world/main527298.shtml	Lethal Moscow gas an opiate? CBS News Web site Oct. 2002	1	Wax, et al. Unexpected “gas” casualties in Moscow. 2003. 41:5;700-705
http://www.nti.org/d_newswire/issues/thisweek/2002_11_1_chmw.html	Ruppe. CWC: Experts differ on whether Russian hostage rescue violated treaty.	1	same as above
http://www.aeronautics.ru/news/news002/news059.htm	Moscow mystery “gas”. Venik’s Aviation web site	1	same as above
http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/28/moscow.gas/index.html	Anger grows over gas tactics. CNN Web site. Oct. 2002	1	same as above
http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2002/10/28102002161259.asp	Russia: more than two days later, gas still a mystery. Radio Free Europe web site.	0	same as above
http://www.nti.org/d_newswire/issues/newswires/2002_10_29.html#9	Russia: US believes Russian gas was an opiate Oct. 2002	1	same as above
http://www.cdi.org/russia/229-1.cfm	Russia comes clean over gas, demands extradition of Chechen envoy. center for Defense Info	1	same as above
http://www.nti.org/d_newswire/issues/thisweek/2002_11_11_chmw.html	Russia: officials raise hostage death toll	4	same as above
http://www.sunshine-project.org	Lakoski, Murray, Kenny. Advantages and limitations of calmatives for use as a non-lethal technique. sunshine project	4	same as above
http://kross-inc.com/Corporate.asp	Kross Corporate accomplishments at Kross, Inc.	1	same as above
http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/28/gas/index.html	Doctors try to solve gas mystery. CNN Oct. 2002	1	same as above
http://www.aamc.org/newsroom/reporter/jan02/medschooldebt.htm	Santana. Paying the price to become a doctor; the impact of medical school debt	1	Heins, Keehn. Financial Crisis for Medical Students and Residents. Resident’s Perspective. 2003. 41:5;733-735
http://www.aamc.org/students/medloans/dailydebt/fall01.pdf	The Daily Debt. Assoc. of Am. Medical Colleges	0	same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7095.htm	Resident income and debt relief. AMA	0	same as above
http://acep.org/1,2696,0.html	Recent residency training graduates receive significant dues reduction. ACEP	0	same as above
http://www.saem.org/newsltr/1999/dgoal&ob.htm	Draft: 2000-2001 Draft committee/task force objectives. SAEM	0	same as above
http://www.nalp.org	Class of 2000; Full-time salaries by employer type.	5	same as above
http://www.allpharmacyschools.com/faqs/pharmacist_salaries.php	Pharmacists’ salaries. All pharmacy schools web site.	6	same as above
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F4091FFE3F540C748CDDAC0894DA404482	Liptak. Medical students sue over residency system. May 7, 2002	5	same as above
Jun-03
http://www.acep.org/1,570,0.html	ACEP; Firearm injury prevention	0	Wiebe. Homocide and suicide risks associated with firearms in the home. 2003. 41:6;771-782
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nmfs/sampdsn.pdf	CDC. Sample design of the 1993 National Mortality followback Survey.	0	same as above
http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes	2000 Florida Statues. Title XXIII, Chapter 395:3025(5)	1	Kanny, et al. Motorcycle casualties sustained during Daytona Beach bike week 2000. 2003. 41:6;792-797
http://www.ahainc.com/nams/	National Agenda for motorcycle safety	0	same as above
http://www.sturgisrallynews.com	Sturgis Rally News; # participants in August 2002	5	same as above
http://www.laconiamcweek.com/about/index.asp	Laconia Motorcycle rally and race week; # participants in 2001	0	same as above
http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/leadcaus.html	CDC; ten leading causes of death, US 2000; all races	4	Peterson, Vaca. Commentary: Trauma systems: A key factor in homeland preparedness. NHTSA notes. 2003. 41:6:799-801
http://hitspot.utk.edu/emergency_room/erquestion.pdf	Tenn. dept. of Health/community Health Research group. ER Drug Study questionnaire	0	Rockett, et al. Assessing substance abuse treatment need. 2003. 41:6;802-812
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm	National Health Interview survey. NCHS	4	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/brfss/	Behavioral Risk factor surveillance system	0	same as above
http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/gcps/gcps0063.html	US Preventive services task force. Mental disorders and substance abuse screen	1	same as above
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/TXgap/chapter2.htm	Substance abuse and mental health services 2001 national household survey on drug abuse	0	D’Onofrio. Treatment for alcohol and other drug problems (Editorial). 2003. 41:6;814-817
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas//highlights.htm	Substance abuse and mental health services 2001 national household survey on drug abuse	0	same as above
http://www.ncqa.org/Communications/News/sohc2002.htm	State of health care quality report	0	same as above
http://www.acgme.org/outcome/comp/compFull.asp	ACGME outcome project	1	same as above
http://www.possis.com	AnjioJet System product information	4	Leary, et al. Beyond tPA: Mechanical intervention in acute stroke. 2003. 41:6;838-846
http://www.endicormed.com	Product information: X-ciser catheter system	0	same as above
http://www.nsga.org/public/articles/details.cfm?id=30	2000 participation vs. 1995. National Sporting Goods Assoc.	0	Chan, Yoshida. Fracture of the lateral process of the talus assoc. with snowboarding. 2003. 41:6;854-858
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/2510.html	Fundamental elements of the patient-physician relationship; opinion 10.01; AMA	0	Geiderman. Keeping lists and naming names: habitual patient files for suspected nontherapeutic drug-seeking patients. 2003. 41:6;873-881
http://www.aaem.org	AAEM position statement on Amiodarone	4	Cone. Comment to Dorian, et al. Amiodarone as compared with lidocaine for shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation (letter). 2003. 41:6;899
Jul-03
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/2k2/DAWN/clubdrugs2k1.pdf	Club drugs, 2001; update. Dawn briefing. Oct 2002	0	Sporer et al. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate serum levels and clinical syndrome after severe overdose. 2003. 42:1;3-8
http://crisp.cit.nih.gov	Computer retrieval of information on scientific projects; National Inst. of Health	1	Pollack et al. Status Report: Development of EM research since the Macy Report. 2003. 42:1;66-80
http://healthcare.partners.org/remi/remi	Registry of Emergency Medicine Investigators web site	1	same as above
http://www.theairwaysite.com	The difficult airway course	1	Levitan. Metaphorical lessons from skydiving. 2003. 42:1;81-86
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm	1997-2000 NHAMCS micro-data file documentation	4	Lewis, Lynch, Johnston. Dental complaints in ED. 2003. 42:1;93-99
http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/stats/	US Census Bureau; 2000 stats	1	same as above
http://www.cbpp.org/7-12-02health.htm	Ku, Ross, Nathanson. StateMedicaid cutbacks and the federal role in providing fiscal relief to states	1	same as above
http://cms.hhs.gov/medicaid/epsdt/ep1998n.pdf	Health Care financing administration. Annual EPSDT participation report; 1998	0	same as above
http://www.uky.edu/RGS/Patterson/Groves%20presentation.ppt	Univ. Kentucky. Patterson. United States Military reserve components	0	Lai, Lewin. Resident’s perspective: Emergency Physicians in the United States Military: A Primer. 2003 42:1;100-108
http://www.militarynetwork.com/main_ucmj/main_ucmj.htm	Uniform code of military justice. Military network web site	9	same as above
http://www.usuhs.mil/medschool/somfaq.html	Uniformed services. Univ. of the health sciences. Frequently asked questions.	1	same as above
http://www.armyrotc.com	Reserve Officer Training Corps Info page	1	same as above
http://www.sss.gov/	Selective Services Systems; Physicians being volunteers since abolition of the draft	5	same as above
http://lukeballard.tripod.com/HPSP.html	Ballard. Public Health Service commissioned Corps; scholarship program	1	same as above
http://medicine.creighton.edu/MMSA/match.html#army	The Military match; Creighton Univ.	1	same as above
http://www.military.com	The Montgomery GI Bill	4	same as above
http://nhsc.bhpr.hrsa.gov/applications/2003LRPBulletin.doc	National Health Service Corps load repayment program, Fiscal Year 2003; applicant information bulletin	0	same as above
http://wwwsam.brooks.af.mil/web/af/AMP.htm	Aerospace Medicine Primary Course	0	same as above
http://www.dmrti.army.mil/C4/c4.htm	Combat casualty care course web site	0	same as above
http://www.sldn.org/templates/index.html	Service members legal defense network web site; gays leaving the military	6	same as above
http://www.militarynetwork.com/main_ucmj/main_ucmj.htm	Uniform code of military justice, subchapter ten-punitive articles, article 125-sodomy	9	same as above
http://www.dfas.mil/money/milpay/pay/2003paytable.pdf	Complete active duty and reserve monthly drill pay tables, Jan 1-30, 2003	0	same as above
http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/almanac/almanac/people/insignias/officers.html	Military ranks; US Dept. of Defense	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/casedefinition.htm	CDC. SARS updated interim case definition	8	Cameron, Rainer. CDC Update; Update on emerging infections. 2003 42:1;110-116
http://www.who.int/csr/sarscountry/2003_04_02/en	WHO. Cumulative number of reported cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome	1	same as above
http://www.who.int/csr/sars/casedefinition/en	WHO. Case definitions for surveillance of SARS	1	same as above
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/NEJMoa030666v1	Tsang, Ho, Ooi, a cluster of cases of SARS in Hong Kong	1	same as above
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/NEJMoa030634v1	Poutanen, Low, Henry. ID of SARS in Canada	1	same as above
http://www.who.int/csr/sars/en	WHO; Transmission of SARS to health care workers; 2 case reported	5	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/icclosecontacts.htm	CDC; interim guidance on infection control precautions for patients with suspects SARS and close contacts in households.	0	same as above
http://www.jcaho.org/about+us/news+letters/sentinel+event+alert/sea_26.htm	JCAHO Sentinel event alert; delays in treatment	5	Shah et al. Continuity of antibiotic therapy in patients admitted from the ED. 2003. 42:1;123
http://online.statref.com/	pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone	3	same as above
http://www.usfa.fema.gov/inside-usfa/fa-220.cfm	US Fire Admin.; 1990-2000 Firefighter fatality retrospective study	5	Barishansky, Streger. Occupational Fatalities in Emergency Medical Services. 2003. 42:1;160
Aug-03
http://www.saem.org	SAEM: Emergency center categorization	5	Schneider, et al. Emergency Department Crowding. 2003. 42:2; 167-172
http://www.acgme.org	Program requirements for Residency Education in Internal Medicine	8	same as above
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/edCrowdingReport.pdf	Responding to ED Crowding: A Guidebook for Chapters	0	same as above
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/edCrowdingReport.pdf	Responding to ED Crowding: A Guidebook for Chapters	0	Asplin, et al: A Conceptual Model of Emergency Department Crowding. 2003. 42:2; 172-180
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/edCrowdingReport.pdf	Responding to ED Crowding: A Guidebook for Chapters	0	Fields. Calculus, Chaos, and other models of ED crowding. 2003. 42:2; 181-183
http://www.fda.gov/cder/ndc/index.htm	The national drug code directory	1	Brown et al. ED Analgesia for fracture pain. 2003. 42:2; 197-205
www.acep.org/download.cfm?resource=41	ACEP; Equipment for ambulances; policy statement	0	Gausche-Hill et al. The role of the emergency physician in emergency medical services for children. 2003. 42:2; 206-214
http://www.aoa-net.org/AOAGeneral/AOAFactsnov02.pdf	AOA Fact sheet 2002	5	Pollard et al. Resident’s Perspective: Osteopathic physicians in Emergency medicine. 2003. 42:2; 261-265
http://www.acoep.org/gen_college.htm	History of the Am College of Osteopathic Emergency Physicians	0	same as above
http://www.acoep.org/pdf/em_standards-2001.pdf	Basic standards of approval of residency training programs in EM. 2001	0	same as above
http://www.saem.org	Osteopathic residents matching to Allopathic schools; March 2002	5	same as above
http://www.aamc.org/programs/eras/programs/stats/emerstat.htm	ERAS 2002 Programs Statistics	0	same as above
http://www.natmatch.com/aoairp/index.htm	National Matching Services Inc. toronto, Ontario. Intern registration program for Osteopathic physicians. 2002	8	same as above
http://www.saem.org/informosteo.htm	FAQ’s 2002 by Russi C, Terrell K	0	same as above
http://www.aobem.org/certification.htm	Certification requirements by Am Osteopathic Board of EM	1	same as above
http://www.aoa-net.org/PostDoc/res42.htm	Resolution 42 of the AOA	5	same as above
http://www.acoep.org/membership_information.htm	Membership Information for ACOEM	0	same as above
http://www.abem.org/candidates/index.htm	Candidate Certification Info 2002	0	same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,5136,0.html	Horn C, Gore L. National EM Specialty presents the James D. Mills Award to Colorado physician	0	same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,34,0.html	ACEP Board of directors 2002	0	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/whatsnew/matrix2.htm	Recommended framework of E code groupings for presenting injury mortality and morbidity data. June 15,2001	1	Gregor, et al. Feasibility of using an interactive laptop program in the ED to Prevent alcohol misuse among adolescents; 2003. 42:2; 276-284
http://www.emedicinejournal.com	Doaz-Alcalc JE. Toxicity, toxaphene and organochlorine	2	Eisinger, Almog. Pyrimidifen Intoxication. 2003. 42:2;289-291
http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest20_e.htm	Camphechlore. Data sheets on pesticides	1	same as above
http://www.doh.gov.uk/cmo/cmo_35.htm#20	Donaldson L. A Communication to all doctors from the CMO. Jan 2003	0	Vinson D. Emergency Contraception and risk of ectopic preganancy (letter). 2003. 42:2; 306-307
http://acep.org/1,32394,0.html	Lenzer J. Solomon R. In search of a killer. does D-dimer help?	0	Propp. Caveat Emptor: The positive D-dimer slippery slope (letter). 2003. 42:2; 309-310
http://www.tjpc.state.tx.us/pulications/review/02/02-4-13	Dawson RO. Review of recent juvenile cases. Texas Juvenile Probation Commission. 2002	0	Chow. Deadly game among children and adolescents. 2003. 42:2;310
Sep-03
http://www.webmm.ahrq.gov	Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Web M&M; publication of short case reports; no specific info	4	Wears. A Different approach to safety in EM. 2003. 42:3;334-336
http://www.ctlab.org/properties/pdf%20files/Gaps%20Brief%20Look%20Back%20Page.pdf	Cook RI. Observations on patient safety.	5	same as above
http://www1.faa.gov/avr/aam/fasb597/21.htm	Blanchard RE. Human error: should we try to eliminate it (Part 1)	0	same as above
http://www1.faa.gov/avr/aam/fasb597/22.htm	Blanchard RE. Human error: should we try to eliminate it (Part II)	0	same as above
http://www.cste.org	Council of state and Territorial epidemiologists. Designation of adult blood level as the initial core component of state-based occupational health and safety surveillance	6	Morgan, et al. Elevated blood Lead Levels Associated with Consumption of Moonshine. 2003 42:3;351-358
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdf	OSHA Interpretation letter Dec. 2, 2002 Richard E. Fairfax to Kevin J. Hayden	1	Hick et al. Protective Equipment for health care facility decontamination personnel. 2003. 42:3;370-379
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdf	Interpretation Letter April 25, 1997. John Miles to Thomas Whittaker	1	same as above
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdf	Interpretation letter Oct. 21, 1992. Coleen O’Toole to Larry bloomfield	1	same as above
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdf	Interpretation letter Sept. 5, 2002. Richard Fairfax to Francis Roth	1	same as above
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdf	Interpretation letter, March 31, 1992. Dorothy Strunk to Randy Ross	1	same as above
www.scottsafety.com/enbc.htm	ScottM95 APR product data	0	same as above
www.scotthealthsafety.com/hsliterature/download/6253_iscba.pdf	ISCBA product data	0	same as above
www.cdc.gov/niosh/tb-ii.html	TB-II Respirator Information. Protect yourself against TB	1	same as above
www.emsa.cahwnet.gov/dms2/heics3.htm	San Mateo County. Healthcare facility emergency incident command system III. Jan 98	6	Hick, et al. Establishing and training health care facility decontamination teams. 2003. 42:3;381-390
http://www.osha.gov	OSHA interpretation letter. March 31, 1992. Strunk to Ross	5	same as above
http://www.osha.gov	OSHA interpretation letter April 25, 1997. Miles to Whittaker	4	same as above
http://www.osha.gov	Interpretation letter Oct. 21, 1992. O’Toole to Bloomfield	4	same as above
http://www.osha.gov	Interpretation letter Oct. 27, 1992. Clark to Levitin	5	same as above
http://www.osha.gov	Interpretation letter March 10, 1999. Fairfax to Burke	5	same as above
http://www.hospitalconnect.com/aha/key_issues/disaster_readiness/ReadyAssessmentB1101.html	AHA. Hospital resources for disaster readiness. Nov 2001	5	same as above
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdf	Interpretation letter sept. 5, 2002 Fairfax to Roth	1	same as above
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mhmi.html	Managing hazardous material incidents volume II-healthcare facility ED; a planning guide for contaminated patients	1	same as above
http://www.va.gov/emshg/emp/emp.htm	VA Emergency Management Program Guidebook Feb 2002	0	Koenig. Strip and shower; the duck and cover for the 21st century. 2003. 42:3;391-394
http://www.jcaho.org/accredited+organizations/hospitals/standards/ems+facts.htm	JCAHO.Facts about the emerg. managements standards	5	same as above
http://www.va.gov/vasafety/page.cfm?pg=528	Emergency Management Strategic Healthcare Group. Video on Hospital personal protective equipment and decontamination	5	same as above
Oct. 2003
http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/nfirates2001.html	Non fatal Injury reports, 2001	4	McVay, Vaca. Commentary: Pedestrial roadway fatalities: profiling the problem. NHTSA Notes. 2003. 42:4; 480-482
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/Rpts/2003/809-456.pdf	Pedestrian Roadway Fatalities April 2003	1	same as above
http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate10.html	Fatal Injury Reports, 2000	5	same as above
http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&geo_id=01000US&qr_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_DP1	US Census 2000: General demographic characteristics	2	same as above
http://rebar.ecn.purdue.edu/JTRP_Completed_Project_Documents/SPR_2468/FinalReports/spr_2468_final/Ch3.pdf	Updating procedures to estimate and forcast vehicle miles traveled.	0	same as above
http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/nfirates2001.html	Non fatal Injury reports, 2001	4	same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/CPS/ChildSS/CPSInitiative/PDF/Corazon_handbook_text.pdf	Barrera, Garza, Lobo, et al. Corazon de mi vida: Child Passenger Safety Initiative	1	same as above
http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/99/5/e11	Quayle, Jaffe, Kupperman. Diagnostic testing for acute head injury in children	1	Greenes. Decisionmaking in Pediatric minor head trauma. 2003. 42:4;515-518
http://www.needlestick.mednet.ucla.edu	Needlesticks and electronic medical records	0	Baraff. Editorial: Clinical policy for children younger than three years presenting to the ED with fever. 2003. 42:4;546-549
http://www.cdc.gov/nip/news/shortages/#normalizing	Lack of vaccine shortages for pneumovax vaccine	1	same as above
http://www.baxter.com/utilities/news/releases/1998/03-31hemassist.html	Baxter end US trauma study of Hemassist. Press release	5	Biros. Research without consent; current status 2003. 2003. 42:2;550-564
http://www.baxter.com/utilities/news/releases/1998/06-2hemassist.html	Baxter suspends European trial for its hemoglobin therapeutic; press release	5	same as above
http://www.baxter.com/utilities/news/releases/1998/09-16hemassist.html	Baxter to focus on next-generation oxygen-carrying therapeutics; press release	5	same as above
http://www.jcaho.org/standards	JCAHO; Informing patients and families about unanticipated outcomes	5	Hevia, Hobgood. Medical error during residency: To tell or not to tell. Residents Perspective. 2003. 42:4;565-570
http://www.acep.org/2,2885,0.html	The uninsured; access to medical care	0	Irvin, Fox, Pothoven. Financial impact on Emergency Physicians for Nonreimbursed care. 2003. 42:4;571-576
http://www.mha.org/nonprofitguide/statuschart.htm	2002 guide to Michigan nonprofit hospitals and health care issues	0	same as above
http://www.hospitalconnect.com/ahapolicyforum/trendwatch/content/twmarch2001/pdf	Emergency depts. an essential access point to care	0	same as above
http://www.michigan.gov/documents/uninsuredBrief_9972_7.PDF	Characteristics of the uninsured and select health insurance coverage in Michigan 2001 report	0	same as above
Nov-03
http://www.hivguidelines.org/public_html/center/clinical-guidelines/pep_guidelines/pep_guidelines.htm	HIV prophylaxis Following sexual Assault: Guidelines for Adults and adolescents	0	Bamberger. HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in the ED; 2003. 42:5;657-659
http://www.state.ma.us/dph/aids/guidelines/exposure_nonwork.htm	Commonwealth of Massachusetts dept. of Public health; HIV prophy	1	same as above
http://www.brown.edu/Departments/BRUNAP/backnpep.htm	Background on Rhode Island’s Guidelines for Non-Occupational postexposure Prophylaxis	1	same as above
http://search.nap.edu/books/030908864X/html/index.html	Microbial threats to Health; Emergence, Detection, and Response, 2003	1	CDC Commentary. 2003. 42:5;662-664.
http://www.cste.org/PS/2003pdfs/03-ID-13%20-%20FINAL.pdf	Developing importation and exporation restriction on exotic and native wildlife. Position paper	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/monkeypox/pdf/embargo.pdf	Embargo on certain rodents and prairie dogs. 2003	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/monkeypox/casedefinition.htm	Updated interim case definition for human case of monkeypox. 2003	8	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/monkeypox/treatmentguidelines.htm	Updated interim guidelines for use of smallpox vacine, VIG 2003	1	same as above
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/acip-recs-oct2002.asp	CDC website; smallpox vaccine	1	Thorn, et al. Emergency Medicine tools to manage smallpox vaccination complications. 2003. 42:5;665-679
http://cns.miis.edu/research/cbw/possess.htm	Chemical and biological weapons: past and present	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/smallpox	Section 304 of Homeland Security Act; Liability Issues	5	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/archives.htm	CDC: Sue under Federal Tort Claims Act if dissatisfied with award compensation if harmed by smallpox vaccination program	5	same as above
http://www.smallpox.army.mil/event/spsafetysum.asp	Safety summaries for the DOD smallpox vaccination program 2003	8	same as above
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpo	CDC website; smallpox vaccine program	1	same as above
http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/bt/smallpox.htm	Richards, Rathbun. Smallpox vaccine injury and law guide	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/enviro/guide.htm	Guideline for environmental infection control in healthcare facilities	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/ISOLAT/isopart2.htm	Hospital infection control practices advisory committee part 2 recommendations for isolation	1	same as above
http://www.smallpox.army.mil/media/pdf/spHCPBrief.pdf	Department of health care provider’s briefing	5	same as above
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/acipjun2003.asp	ACIP Statement: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Statement on small pox preparedness and vaccination	1	Aragon, Fernyak. Risks and Benefits of pre-event smallpox vaccination. 2003. 42:5;681-684
http://www.iom.edu/report.asp?id=14631	Review of the CDC smallpox vaccination program implementation	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5220a5.htm	Update: adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination, 2003	1	Darling, et al. Removing health care workers from clinical duties after smallpox vaccination. 2003. 42:5;685-688
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr5207.pdf	Recommendations for using smallpox vaccine in pre-event vaccination program	1	same as above
http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/sinussum.htm	Diagnosis and Treatment of acute bacterial rhonosinusitis. March 1999	1	Tang. EBEM review. Antibiotic treatment for acute maxillary sinusitis. 2003. 42:5;706-708.
http://www.epocrates.com	General comments on drug interactions; not specific	7	Hall-Boyer. Book and media reviews. The top 100 drug interactions. 2003. 42:5;716-717
Dec-03
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/dawn.htm	Drug Abuse Warning Network; DAWN report	0	Lai, et al. MDMA-induced acute MI. 2003. 42:6;759-762
http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/standards/02.html	Standards for basic anesthetic monitoring	0	Green, Krauss. Propofol in Emergency Medicine. 2003. 42:6;792-797
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/default.htm	Deaths due to firearms in 1990’s	5	Hayes, Sege. FiGHTS; a preliminary screening tool for adolescent firearms-carrying. 2003. 42:6;798-807
http://www.aaem.org/committees/firearms.shtml	Durston W. AAEM and firearms injury prevention; AAEM website	1	same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/apps/pf_online/pf_online?f_n=browse&doc=policyfiles/H-145.000.HTM	Firearms safety and regulation AMA website	4	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dash/yrbs	National youth risk behaior survey: ED physicians determining at risk status for firearms	5	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/default.htm	CDC; ten leading causes of injury; 15-19; 2003	5	Larkin. Screening for adolescent firearms-carrying.2003. 42:6;808-810
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/default.htm	Fairearm death rates in teenage males in 2000	5	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/default.htm	Ten leading causes of violent-related injury US; 2003	5	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/cgi-bin/broker.exe	Ten leading causes of nonfatal violence-related injury; 2003	5	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dash/yrbs/	Youth risk behavior surveillance system; explanation of FiGHTs score	5	same as above
http://www.healthypeople.gov/hpscripts/KeywordResults.asp	Healthy People 2010	0	same as above
www.nhtsa.dot.gov/nhtsa/announce/press/pressdisplay.cfm?year=2003&filename=pr32-03.html	USDOT Releases 2002 Highway Fatality Statistics	5	Garrison, Reeder. Commentary: Drug-impaired driving. NHTSA Notes. 2003. 42:6;813-814
http://www.aaafoundation.org	Stutts, Feaganes, Rodgman. Distraction in Everyday Driving	4	same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/Drowsy.html	Expert Panel on Driver Fatigue and Sleepiness. Drowsy driving and automobile crashes	1	same as above
http://www.cami.jccbi.gov/aam-400a/Abstracts/pdf_index.html	Shappell, Wiegmann. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System	0	Cosby. A framework for classifying factors that contribute to error in the ED. 2003. 42:6; 815-822
http://www.patientsafety.gov/HFMEA.html	Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Course Materials	0	same as above
2005
Jan-05
http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/end_homelessness.pdf	Burt. What will it take to end homelessness?	1	Weber, et al. Does lack of usual source of care or health insurance increase the likelihood of an ED visit? 2005. 45:1;4-12
http://www.acep.org/1,574,0.html	Background regarding gifts to emergency physicians from biomedical injustry. June 1993	0	Grudzen. One resident perspective: Resident education and the pharmaceutical industry. Residents’ Perspective. 45:1;27-31
http://www.acep.org/1,575,0.html	Policy statement on gifts to emergency physicians from biomedical industry	0	same as above
http://www.saem.org/download/industry.pdf	Sanders, Keim, Sklar. Emergency physicians and the biomedical industry. AnnEmergMed 1993	1	same as above
http://www.whale.to/v/bribe.html	Ross, Scott. Influencing doctors. February 21, 2002	1	same as above
http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1024857406494_20266606/	CTV News staff. Just say no. May 17, 2002	1	same as above
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50612FC3C5C0C748EDDAF0894DC404482	Harris G. Medical marketing-Treatment by incentive. New York times. June 27, 1994	5	same as above
http://web.bma.org.uk/ap.nsf/Content/incentives+to+GPs+for+referral+or+prescribing	British Medical Assoc. Web site. Incentives to GPs for referral or prescribing. Sept. 1995; Revised Jan. 1997	0	same as above
http://www.acgme.org/New/GMEGuide.pdf	ACGME; Principles to guide the relationship between graduate medical education and industry; 2002	0	same as above
http://www.phrma.org/publications/policy//2004-01-19.391.pdf	PhRMA Code on interactions with medical professionals, 2002	0	same as above
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00F14FA3E550C708CDDAF0894DC404482	Harris. Spitzer sues a drug maker, saying it hid negative data	5	same as above
http://www.amsa.org/prof/pledge.cfm	Am Med Student Assoc. PharmFree Medical student Pledge	1	same as above
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03177.pdf	Government Accounting Office report to congressional requesters: prescription drugs. 2002	1	Peraud, Kulstad. Another resident perspective: Resident education and the pharmaceutical industry. Residents’ Perspective. 45:1;32-36
http://www.acep.org/1,5248,0.html	Moskop JC. Emergency Physicians and gifts from industry	0	same as above
http://www.accme.org/pdfs/disclosure_pol.pdf	ACGME; Standards for commercail support of continuing medical education. 1992	0	same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/article/4001-7922.html	AMA: Gifts to physicians from industry. 1998	0	same as above
http://www.saem.org/inform/commerci.htm	SAEM; Policy on commercial support of SAEM activities	0	same as above
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/pharmmfrs.pdf	Molzen GW. ACEP comment letter to OIG. 2002	0	same as above
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/PrintStory.pl?document_id=2001901813&zsection_id-268448455&slug=drugtrial13&date=20040413	Lavoie D. Eleven drug-company executives face trial in kickback case. Seattle Times. april 13, 2004.	1	same as above
http://www.nofreelunch.org	Goodman R. No free lunch; just say no to drug reps	6	same as above
http://www.drugpromo.info/	Dept. of essential drugs and medicines policy drug promotion database	8	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/doc.do?id=0900f3ec8001011c	TBI to Congress; Traumatic Brain Injury in the US; A Report to Congress	0	Gill, et al. A comparison of the GCS score to simplified alternative scores for the prediction of TBI outcomes. 2005. 45:1;37-42
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/combinedregtext.pdf	US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Standards for privacy of individually identifiable health info…regulation test. Dec 28, 2000	1	Moskop, et al. From Hippocrates to HIPAA: Privacy and Confidentialtiy in EM-Part I. 2005. 45:1;53-59
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacysummary.pdf	US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Summary of the HIPAA privacy rule	1	same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2004/05/03/gvsc0503.htm	Finkelstein JB. One year later, mixed reviews for privacy rule	5	same as above
ftp://ftp.hrsa.gov/hab/compile.pdf	Ryan White CARE Act	2	same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/apps/pf_new/pf_online?f_n=browse&doc=policyfiles?HnE/E-2.01.HTM&&s_t=&st_p=&nth=1&prev_pol=policyfiles?HnE/E-1.02.HTM&nxt_pol=policyfiles/HnE/E-2.01.HTM&	AMA; Abuse of spouses, children, elderly persons, and others at risk. CEJA opinion E-2.02	1	same as above
http://www.acep.org/3,615,0.html	Mandatory reporting of domestic violence to law enforcement and criminal justice agencies. ACEP policy. 2001	0	same as above
http://www.acep.org/3, 33206, 0.html	Law enforcement info gathering in the emergency department. ACEP Policy sept. 2003	0	Moskop, et al. From Hippocrates to HIPAA: Privacy and Confidentiality in EM-Part II. 2005. 45:1;60-67
http://www.acep.org/1,5065,0.html	Filming in the Emerg. dept. ACEP Policy Feb. 2002	0	same as above
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacysummary.pdf	Summary of the HIPAA privacy rule	1	same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/apps/pf_new/pf_online?f_n=browse&doc=policyfiles/HnE/H-140.888.HTM	AMA policy H-140.888; filming patients for educational purposes.	5	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm4753.pdf	MMWR summary of notifiable diseases. 1998 MMWR 1999;47:1-116.	1	Eskin. Commentary: clinical implications on should sore throats be treated with antibiotics? EBEM/Review Abstracts. 2005. 45:1;83-84
http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doh/html/public/press98/pr12-498.html	New York dept. of Health Press release to Physicians	0	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pdf/10200t57.pdf	CDC; national centers for health statistics.	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/professional/han081304.htm	CDC Health Update: Update on avian Influenza A. August 2004	1	Hammel, Chiang. Commentary on outbreaks of avian influenza A. CDC Update. 2005. 45:1;90-92
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2004_09_28/en/print.html	WHO. Confirmed human cases of avian influenza A.	1	same as above
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/ultrasound_guidelines.pdf	ACEP Policy statement: emergency ultrasound guidelines	0	Lewin, Willaims. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of retinal detachment in the ED (letter) 2005:45:1;97-98
Feb-05
http://www.jointogether.org/sa/news/features/reader/0,1854,554030,00.html	Curley, Arcane laws hinder ER interventions for alcohol, other drugs	1	Rockett, et al. Unmet substance abuse treatment need, health services utilization, and cost. 2005. 45:2;118-127
http://www.happinessonline.org/BeTemperate/p28.htm	Zimmerman. Why emergency rooms rarely test trauma patients for alcohol, drugs. Wall Street Journal	1	same as above
http://www.hwysafety.org/safety_facts/teens/blueprint.pdf	Insurance Ins. for Highway Safety. Graduated licensing; a blueprint for North america, 2002	5	Gonzales, et al. Student drivers: A study of fatal motor vehicle crashes involving 16 year old drivers. 2005; 45:2;140-146
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2001/2001youngdr.pdf	NHTSA. Traffic safety facts 2001; young drivers	1	same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/FARS.html	National Center for Statistics and Analysis; Fatal Accident reporting system	1	same as above
http://www.csp.state.co.us/Faq/license.pdf	Colorado state Patrol Affairs. An explanation of the new teenage driver license application procedures and log sheet	0	same as above
http://www.hwysafety.org/safety_facts/qanda/teens.htm	Q and A: teenagers: General	5	same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/vrtc/ca/rollover.htm	NHTSA. Vehicle dynamic rollover propensity	1	same as above
http://www.iihs.org/safety_facts/qanda/gdl.htm	Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and National Highway Traffic Safety administration. Q&A; teenagers; graduated driver licensing	0	Hyde, et al. Graduated Driver Licensing Law in Utah. 2005; 45:2;147-154
http://www.emedicine.com	Fan, Viccellio. Toxic epidermal necrolysis	5	Images in Emergency Medicine. 2005; 45:2;156
http://www.aap.org/healthtopics/carseatsafety.cfm	AAP. Car safety seats and transportation safety	4	Garrison. Commentary: Child occupant safety in vehicles. NHTSA Notes. 2005; 45:2;157-159
http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/index.html	The FDA safety information and adverse event reporting program	5	Budnitz, et al. Emergency Department Visits for outpatient adverse drug events. 2005. 45:2;197-206
http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/ephedra/december2003/	FDA announces plans to prohibit sales of dietary supplements containing ephedra	1	Manini, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after over-the-counter Use of Pseudoephedrine. 2005. 45:2;213-216
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2004/NEW01050.html	FDA announces rule pohibiting sale of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids effective April 12	1	same as above
http://www.emedicine.com	Bossart. Henoch-Schonlein purpura	4	Images in Emergency Medicine. 2005. 45:2;230
http://www.aafp.org/afp/980800ap/kraft.html	Kraft, McKee, scott. Henoch-schonlein purpura: a review	1	same as above
Mar-05
http://www.census.gov	2000 current population survey. March 2001	5	Mahajan, et al. Evaluation of an ED-baded enrollment program for uninsured children. 2005. 45:3;245-250
http://www.iom.edu	Institute of Medicine. Care Without Coverage: Too Little, Too Late.	6	same as above
http://www.healthykids.org	Florida Healthy Kids Corporation. Healthy kids annual report	6	same as above
http://www.cbpp.org	Center on Budget and policy priorities. Current population surveys	5	same as above
http://www.coveringkids.org/out-reach	Shuptrine. The Importance of Outreach: Covering Kids.	0	same as above
http://www.nga.org	National Governor’s Assoc. Center for Best Practices. States use innovative children’s health insurance hotlines to enroll uninsured children	4	same as above
http://www.mdch.gov	Michigan Dept. of Community Health. Program policy bulletin 2000-011	0	same as above
http://www.cms.gov/schip	State Children’s Health Insurance Program. Aggregate enrollment stats for FY 2002	5	same as above
http://www.cbpp.org	Park, Ku, Broaddus. OMB estimates indicate that 900,000 children will lose health insurance due to restrictions in federal SCHIP funding	5	same as above
http://www.hschange.com	Center for Studying Health Systems Change. Issue briefs	5	same as above
http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/papers/rf18_02-0006/rf18.pdf	Monheit, Vistnes, Zuvekas. Stability and change in health insurance: new estimates from the 1996 MEPS	0	Gordon. The Science of Common Sense. 2005. 45:3;251-252
http://www.who.int/country	WHO. Countries. Statistics	8	Babkl, et al. Advanced Training in Pediatric Emergency Medicine in the US, Canada, UK, and Australia. 2005. 45:3;269-275
http://www.abms.org/statistics.asp	ABEM. Geographic distribution of diplomats by subspecialty certificate	1	same as above
http://www.acgme.org/adspublic/	ACGME web site; accreditation	1	same as above
http://www.abp.org/Resident/trchanges.htm	Changes in training requirements for subspecialty certification	1	same as above
http://www.rcpsc.medical.org/residency/accreditation/ssas/pedem_e.html	Specific standards of accreditation for residency programs in pediatric emergency medicine	0	same as above
http://www.faem.org.uk/site/downloads/documents/curriculum_paeds_2001.doc	Curriculum for higher specialist training in paediatric accident and emergency medicine 2001	0	same as above
http://www.racp.edu.au/public/fellow	Royal Australian College of physicians. Advanced training. Vocational training Paediatric emergency medicine	0	same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,4773,0.html	Strategies to alleviate overcrowded hospital emergency departments. Dec. 21, 2001	0	Artzema, et al. Emergency Dept. crowding: The effect on resident education. Residents’ Perspective. 2005. 45:3;276-281
http://www.saem.org/meetings/03handouts/wolfe.pdf	Wolfe. The effects of ED over crowding on EM education. Lunch Session: SAEM annual meeting, 2003	1	same as above
ftp://ftp.research.microsoft.com/pub/tr/tr-95-06.pdf	Heckerman. A Tutorial on learning with Bayesian networks. Technical report MSR-TR-95-06.	2	Lipsky, Lewis. Placing the Bayesian network approach to patient diagnosis in perspective (Editorial). 2005 45:3;291-294
http://www.naecb.org/CBR/	National Asthma Educator Certification Board; Asthma coding	1	Singer, et al. A call for expanding the role of the emergency physician in the care of patients with asthma (Editorial). 2005. 45:3;295-298
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/Lab/FactSheet/vrsa.htm	Vancomycin intermediate resistent S. aureus laboratory detection	1	Frazee, et al. Methacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in ED skin and soft tissue infections. 2005. 45:3;311-320
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/ISOLAT/ISOLAT.HTM	Garner JS, the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals	1	Moran, Talan. Community-associated MRSA. 2005. 45:3;321-322
http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/2566dft.pdf	FDA. Uncomplicated and complicated skin and skin structure infections…;draft guidance	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/lassaf.htm	CDC. Lassa fever fact sheet.	1	Ufberg, Karras. Commentary: Imported Lassa Fever-New Jersey, 2004. CDC Update. 2005. 45:3;323-324
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/lassaf.htm	CDC. Lassa fever fact sheet.	1	Ufberg, Karras. Commentary: Imported Lassa Fever-New Jersey, 2004. CDC Update. 2005. 45:3;324-326
Apr-05
http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/unstable/unstable.pdf	Braunwald, Antman, Beasley. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina. a report of the ACG/AHA task force on practice guidelines	5	Pollack, et al. 2004 ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation MI. 2005. 45:4;363-376
http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/stemi/index.pdf	Antman, Anbe, Armstrong. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with St-elevation MI; A report of the ACG/AHA Task Force on practice guidelines	5	same as above
http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/echo/index.pdf	Cheitlin, Armstrong, Aurigemma. ACC/AHA 2003 gideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography; a report of the ACG/AHA task Force	5	same as above
http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/index.htm	USFDA. Guidance for clinical trial sponsors on the establishment and operation of clinical trial monitoring committees.	4	Conwit, et al. Data and Safety Monitoring in Clinical Research. 2005. 45:4;388-392
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/clinical_trials/dsm.htm	Guidelines and policies for monitoring clinical research	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/whatsnew/matrix2.htm	CDC. Revised framework of external cause of injury groupings for presenting injury mortality and morbidity data	1	Maio, et al. A randomized controlled trail of an ED based interactive computer program ot prevent alcohol misuse among injured adolescents. 2005. 45:4;420-429
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/about/underage.htm	Nat. Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism NIAAA initiative on underage drinking	0	Bernstein, Bernstein. Preventing alcohol misuse among adolescents. 2005. 45:4;430-432
http://www.ed.bmc.org/sbirt	The ED physician and the problem drinker	1	same as above
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/press/2004/NASD04-04.htm	National Institutes of Health. News release: Alcohol agencies announce academic ED collaboration	0	same as above
http://www.sleepfoundation.org/img/2002SleepInAmericaPoll.pdf	2002 Sleep in America Poll	0	Vaca. Commentary: Get safe…get sleep! NHTSA Notes. 2005. 45:4;434-436
http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/Drowsy.html	National center on Sleep Disorders Research. Drowsy driving and automobile crashes; NHTSA	1	same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/listeningtitle.htm#title	Nelson, Isaac, Graham. Development and testing of countermeasures for fatigue related highway crashes: focus group discussions with young males, shift workers, and shoft work supervisors.	0	same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/survey-distractive03/index.htm	Gallup Organization. National survey of distracted and drowsy driving attitudes and behaviors: 2002	1	same as above
http://www.mosby.com/AnnEmergMed	Instruction to authors	1	Schriger. Suggestions for improving the quality of clinical Research. 2005. 45:4;437-443
http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?web=em/infoauth.html&id=em	Annals of Emergency Medicine. Instruction to Authors	5	Lowenstein. Medical Record Reviews in Emergency Medicine. 2005. 45:4;452-455
http://www.ICMJE.org	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals; writing and editing for biomedical publication	1	same as above
May-05
http://www.mellon.com/hris/news/index.html	Mellon Financial Corp. National Health care trend survey	0	Bamezai,et al. The cost of ED visit and its relationship to ED volume. 2005. 45:5;483-490.
http://www.towersperrin.com/hrservices/global/default.htm	Towers Perrin Web site. 2004. Healthcare cost survey	4	same as above
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3257/is_n11_v45/ai_11595903	Helmi, Tanju. Activity-based costing may reduce cost, aid planning. Nov. 1991	0	Showstack. The cost of providing nonurgent care in EDs. 2005. 45:5;493-494
http://www.acep.org/1,393,0.html	Fact Sheets: EMTALA	0	same as above
http://www.meps.ahrq.gov	2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey	4	Florence. Nonurgent care in the Emergency Department. 2005. 45:5;495-496.
http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/standards/o2.html	Basic standards for preanesthesia care 1999; standards for basic anesthetic monitoring	5	Silvestri, et al. The effectiveness of out-of-hospital use of continuous end tidal carbon dioxide monitoring on the rate of unrecognized…2005. 45:5;497-503
http://www.doh.state.fl.us/workforce/ems1/RulesReg/rulesreghome.html#Statute	Florida State dept. of health. Administrative code.	6	same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,4923,0.html	ACEP policy statement. Verification of endotracheal tube placement	0	same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,4924,0.hrml	ACEP policy statement. Verification of endotracheal tube placement	0	same as above
http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t3/tab03.pdf	United Census 2000. Ranking tables for metropolitan areas; population in 2000 and population change from 1990 to 2000	1	Eckstein, et al. Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Evaluation in LA: Care LA. 2005. 45:5;504-509
http://grants2.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HL-4-001.html	Clinical research consortium to improve resuscitation outcomes; Natioinal Institutes of Health	0	same as above
Jun-05
http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/unstable/unstable.pdf	Braunwald, Antman, Beasley, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation MI.	5	Singer et al. Point of Care Testing reduces length of stay in ED chest pain patients. 2005. 45:6;587-591
http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic542.htm	Norris RL. Snake envenomations, coral.	1	German, et al. Pressure immobilization bandages delay toxicity in a porcine model of eastern coral snake envenomation. 2005. 45:6;603-608
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40E11FE3E540C7B8DDDA00894DA404482	Eckholm. Man admits poisoning food in rival’s shop, killing 38 in China	5	Whitlow, et al. Tetramethlenedisulfotetramine: old agent and new terror. 2005. 45:6;609-613
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200211/26/eng20021126_107505.shtml	70 Children hospitalized for poisoning in southeast China. Beijing, China. Nov. 26, 2002	1	same as above
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2003-09/29/content_1106140.htm	61 Students felled by rat poison in central China. 9/29/03	1	same as above
http://209.157.64.200/focus/f-news/1023299/posts	Yardley. Rat poison; murder weapon of choice in rural China; Free republic web site	1	same as above
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2003-11/14/content_1179518.htm	Food poisoning at wedding kills one, makes 24 ill. China View web site	1	same as above
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2003-12/02/content_1208201.htm	76 College students poisoned in Guangxi; China View web site	1	same as above
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-04/15/content_1421657.htm	74 Down by poisoned food in Shaanxi	1	same as above
http://www.who.int/pcs/docs/Classif_Pestic_2000-02.pdf	International Program on chemical safety. WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard guidelines to classification 2000-2002	4	same as above
http://envfor.nic.in/legis/hsm/gsr347-sh3.doc	Ministry of Environ. and Forests web site. Environment Protection Act of 1996. Schedule 3	1	same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2003/809761.pdf	National Center for Statistics and Analysis. Traffic safety facts 2003: alcohol.	1	Mello, et al. ED brief motivational interventions for alcohol with motor vehicle crash patients. 2005. 45:6;620-625
http://www.acep.org/1,4688,0.html	ACEP. Practice resources: alcohol screening and brief intervention in the ED	0	same as above
http://www.massghsb.com/upload/pdfs/seltbeltsurveys.pdf	Mass. Governor’s Highway Safety Bureau; seat belt use	5	Fernandez, et al. An observational study of safety belt use among taxi drivers in Boston. 2005. 45:6;626-629
http://www.schallerconsult.com/taxi/taxifb.pdf	Schaller Consulting. Taxicab fact book 2004.	1	same as above
http://www.massghsb.com/index.html	Mass. Governor’s Highway Safety Bureau; protocol for Mass. Traffic Safety Research Program	5	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/dvs/popbridge/popbridge.htm	Estimates of the July 1, 2000-July 1, 2002 postcensal series by year, age…Hispanic origin, prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the US census Bureau	4	Conn, et al. Non-work related finger amputations in the US 2001-2002. 2005. 45:6;630-635
http://www2a.cdc.gov/risqs/	CDC. Work-related injury statistics query system	1	same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/main.cfm	National Center for Statistics and Analysis. Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Queried by year for fatally injured occupants	1	McKay. Commentary: novice teen drivers and crashes-just how worried should we be and what should we do about it? NHTSA Notes. 2005. 45:6;639-642
http://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/nfirates2001.html	CDC. Web-based injury statistics query and reporting system. Queried for 2003, motor vehicle occupants	4	same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/graduateddriver.pdf	Traffic Safety Facts	0	same as above
http://www.hwysafety.org/safety%5Ffacts/teens/blueprint.pdf	Graduated licensing, a blueprint for America. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety	0	same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/main.cfm	Fatality Analysis Reporting System, Web-based encyclopedia. Queried 2003 data for fatally injured 16-17 year old drivers by crash time.	4	same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/main.cfm	Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Queried using age 15-20, occupant of motor vehicle in transport, body type 1-49.	4	same as above
http://www.hwysafety.org/safety%5Ffacts/state_laws/measure_up.htm	How state laws measure up. Insurance Inst. for Highway Safety	0	same as above
http://www1.va.gov/emshg/docs/Radiological_Medical_Countermeasures_Indexed-Final.pdf	US Dept. of Homeland Security. Medical treatment of radiological casualties	1	Koenig, et al. Medical Treatment of Radiological Casualties. 2005. 45:6;643-652
http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2004&m=May&x=200405101616052XTkcolluB0.9337122&t=xarchives/xarchitem.html	Sanders Says US supports IAEA efforts to combat Nuclear terrorism	1	same as above
http://www.afrri.usuhs.mil	Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute. Biodosimetry Assessment Tool software application	6	same as above
http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/4825fnl.htm	USFDA. Guidance: potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent in radiation emergencies.	1	same as above
http://www.orau.gov/reacts	Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education. Prussian blue managed by Oak Ridge Assoc. Universities for the US Department of Energy	5	same as above
http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/DTPA/QandA_DTPA.htm	Questions and answers on calcium-DTPA and Zinc-DTPA	1	same as above
http://www.ahls.org	Univ. of Arizona Health Science Center. Advanced hazmat life support	1	De Lorenzo. When It’s Hot, It’s Hot. 2005. 45:6;653-654
http://www.ndlsf.org	National Disaster Life Support Courses	8	same as above
http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/rtkweb/1423.pdf	New Jersey dept. Health and Human Services. Hazardous substance fact sheet: o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile	1	Horton et al. Secondary contamination of Emergency department personnel from o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile exposure, 2002. 2005. 45:6;655-658
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npg.html	Nat. Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards	1	same as above
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HS/HSEES	Agency for toxic substances and disease registry. Hazardous substances Emergency events surveillance system biennial report, 1999-2000	1	same as above
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/prevent.html	Managing hazardous materials incidents, volume III: medical management guidelines for acute chemical exposures.	0	same as above
http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/bestpractices/html/hospital_firstreceivers.html	Best practices for hospital-based first receivers of victims from mass casualty incidents involving the release of hazardous substances.	1	same as above
Jul-05
http://www.sf-36.com/news/sat-review.html	Ware, Orgren. Conner. Popular patient satisfaction surveys critically reviewed.	0	Wears. Patient Satisfaction and the curse of Kelvin. 2005. 46:1;11-12
http://art-bin.com/art/omodest.html	Swift. A modest Proposal (1729)	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasrlink.htm	CDC Update; HIV Surveillance	1	Lyons, et al. Emergency Dept. HIV testing and counseling. 2005. 46:1;22-28
http://www.aaem.org/positionstatements/thrombolytictherapy.shtml	AAEM position statement on thrombolytic therapy	1	Brown, et al. Survey of Emergency Physicians about rt-PA for acute ischemic stroke. 2005. 46:1;56-60.
http://www.saem.org/newsltr/2003/may-june/strokeptcare.pdf	SAEM position on optimizing care of the stroke patient	1	same as above
http://www.boston.com/yourlife/health/diseases/articles/2005/02/05/few_getting_quality_stroke_care?mode=PF	Marchione. Evidence shows sloppy stroke care in US	0	Wears, Magid. Thinking Globally, Acting Locally. 2005. 46:1;61-63
http://www.aaem.org/positionstatements/thrombolytictherapy.shtml	AAEM position statement of the AAEM on IV thrombolytic therapy in treatment of stroke	1	same as above
http://www.saem.org/newsltr/2003/may-june/strokeptcare.pdf	SAEM position on optimizing care of the stroke patient	1	same as above
http://www.acep.org/webportal/PracticeResources/PolicyStatementsByCategory/PracticeManagement/UseofIntravenoustPAforAcute+Stroke.htm	Use of IV tPA for the management of acute stroke in the ED	0	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm	NHAMCS. 1992-2001: hospital visits	5	Pallin, et al. Epidemiology of Epistaxis in US Eds 1992-2001. 2005. 46:1;77-81
http://www.census.gov.	Midyear age, sex, and race-specific population estimates; 1992-2001	5	same as above
http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ooa/reports/PDF/HIVProphylaxisFollowingSexualAssault.PDF	Myles, Bamberger. Offering HIV Prophylaxis following sexual assault. Task Force, 2001	1	Merchant. Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection-drug, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the US. CDC Update. 2005. 46:1;82-86
http://www.cs.uu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/fat-acceptance-faq/physical.html	Big Folks Physical Resources; F&Q	1	Schorin. Weighing the 480-pound person. (letter). 2005. 46:1;98.
Aug-05
http://www.marchofdimes.com/aboutus/855_4474.asp	March of Dimes. Highlights of new census data on uninsured women of childbearing age and children	8	Harrison. Availability of emergency contraception. 2005. 46:2;105-110
http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/spib_EC.pdf	Alan Guttmacher Institute. State Policies in Brief: Access to Emergency contraception	1	same as above
http://www.aclupa.org/duvall/ecinpa/ecsurvey.html	Clara Bell Duvall Reproductive Freedom Project. Study update: emergency contraception services for rape victims in Pennsylvania hospitals	0	same as above
http://fdaadvisorycommittee.com/FDC/AdvisoryCommittee/Stories/121603_EmergConR.htm.AdvisoryCommittee/Committees/Nonprescri	Barr Plan B emergency contraceptive OTC CARE program adequate, committee says. Posted Dec. 16, 2003	0	Abbott. Emergency Contraception: What should our patients expect? 2005. 46:2;111-113
http://www.acep.org/1,614,0.html	Management of the patient with the complaint of sexual assault. ACEP policy Statement. Oct. 2002.	0	same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,1118,0.html	Code of ethics for emergency physicians. Reaffirmed Oct. 2001	0	same as above
http://www.census.gov.	United States Census; population of Washington area 2004	4	Rea, et al. Automated External Debrillators: To what extent does the algorithm delay CPR? 2005. 46:2;132-141
http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/story.hts/metropolitan/1864368	Hopper. Overdose points to holes in system: doctor’s death attributed to drugs stolen from operating room.	0	Milling. Drug and alcohol use in Emergency Medicine Residency. 2005. 46:2;148-151
http://www.acep.org/1%2C1118%2C0.html	Code of ethics for Emergency Physicians. ACEP policy statements. June 1997	0	same as above
http://www.who.int/world-health-day/2004/infomaterials/world_report/en/summary_en_rev.pdf	WHO. world report on road traffic injury prevention	1	Fabbri, et al. A positive blood alcohol concentration is the main predictor of recurrent motor vehicle crashes. 2005. 46:2;161-167
http://europa.eu.int/comm/energy_transport/en/lb_en.html	European Commission. White paper: Office for Official Publications on the European Communities, L-2985	5	same as above
http://europa.eu.int/comm/transport/road/library/rsap/memo_rsap_en.pdf	Directorate-General for Energy and transport	1	same as above
www.trl.co.uk/static/dtlr/pdfs/TRL579.pdf	Keigan M, et al. The Incidence of Alcohol in Fatally Injured Adult Pedestrians.	5	same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/finalreport.cfm?title=Trends&stateid=0&year=2002&title2=Alcohol	NHTSA. Fatality analysis reporting system. queried by driver of vehicle in transport, previous DUI/DWI conviction, and police reported alcohol involvement	1	same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov	Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards	4	Sochor, Rupp. Commentary: Emergency department patients and crash test dummies. NHTSA Notes. 2005. 46:2;169-171
http://www.cebm.net/levels_of_evidence.asp	Centre of evidence based medicine; Levels of evidence	1	Fesmire, Jagoda. Are we putting the cart ahead of the Horse: Who determines the standard of care for the management of patients in the ED? 2005. 46:2;198-200.
http://www.ena.org/about/position	ENA board approves statement on joint ENA/ACEP five-level triage task force; position statement	4	Fernandes, et al. Emergency Department Triage: Why We Need a Research Agenda. (letter) 2005. 46:2;204-5
http://www.fda.gov/cder/pharmcomp/default.htm	USFDA. The practice of pharmacy compounding	1	Crouch, Rusho. Intravenous administration of N-Acetylcysteine. (letter) 2005. 46:2;207
http://www.fda.gov/ora/compliance_ref/cpg/cpgdrg/cpg460-200.html	USFDA. The FDA compliance policy guide	1	same as above
http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/105-115.htm#SEC.%20127	FDA modernization act of 1997, Section 127	1	Lavonas, et al. Intravenous administration of N-Acetylcysteine: oral and parenteral formulations are both acceptable (letter). 2005. 46:2;207-8.
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/uscode	Federal Food, Drug, and cosmetic act, 21 US Code	5	same as above
Sep-05
http://www.sccm.org/about_sccm/mission/index.asp	SCCM mission and vision	0	Hwang, et al. Critical care medicine training and certification for Emergency physicians. 2005. 46:3;217-223
http://www.qualityforum.org	National quality forum supports model of intensivist readily available to care for ICU patients	6	same as above
http://www.asahq.org/Newsletters/2003/05_03/memtsoudis.html	Memtsoudis. Recruiting critical care fellows: mission impossible?	1	same as above
http://anestit.unipa.it/apice/body.html	APICE. Anaesthesia, pain, intensive care, and emergency medicine	1	same as above
http://www.intensive.org	International symposium on intensive care and emergency medicine	1	same as above
http://www.acgme.org/downloads/RRC_progReq/110pr101.pdf	Residency review committee. Program requirements for residency education in emergency medicine.	0	same as above
http://www.acgme.org/adspublic	ACGME. accredited programs and sponsoring institutions	1	same as above
http://www.abog.org/cert/crit.html	Basic certification of obstetricians and gynecologists: certification in critical care	1	same as above
http://www.abem.org/public/_Rainbow/Documents/ABEM%20Newsletter%205-26%20FINAL.pdf	ABEM memo: Critical care medicine	0	same as above
http://www.leapfroggroup.org/media/file/Leapfrog-ICU_Physician_Staffing_Fact_Sheet.pdf	Leapfrog Group. Factsheet: ICU physician staffing	1	same as above
http://www.esicm.org/PAGE_europeandiploma?240a	European diploma in intensive care	1	same as above
http://www.abem.org	ABEM gained primary ABMS specialty board status in 1989	6	same as above
http://www.hospitalconnect.com/aha/press_room-info/content/EdoCrisisSlides.pdf	The Lewin Group. Emergency department overload: a growing crisis: the results of the AHA Survey	5	same as above
http://www.ccm.upmc.edu	Dept. of critical care medicine at Univ. Pittsburgh	1	same as above
http://www.leapfroggroup.org/media/file/Leapfrog-ICU_Physician_Staffing_Fact_Sheet.pdf	Leapfrog Group. Factsheet: ICU physician staffing	0	Overton. Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine: Have the Stars Finally aligned? (Editorial) 2005. 46:3;225-227
http://www.acgme.org/acWebsite/downloads/RRC_progReq/110pr105.pdf	ACGME. Program requirements for residency education in emergency medicine	1	same as above
http://www.abem.org/Rainbow/_Rainbow/Documents/Fall%202003%20Newsletter.pdf	ABEM memo, Fall 2003:11	1	same as above
http://www.abem.org/public/_Rainbow/Documents/ABEM%20Newsletter%205-26%20FINAL.pdf	ABEM memo, Spring 2004:11	1	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/stari/index.htm	CDC. Southern tick-associated rash illness and lyme disease	1	Images in Emergency Medicine. 2005. 46:3;227
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/index.htm	CDC. Southern tick-associated rash illness and lyme disease	1	same as above
http://www.ihi.org	Institute for healthcare improvement. About Us.	4	Osborn, et al. Emergency Medicine and the surviving sepsis campaign (Editorial). 2005. 46:3;228-231
http://www.ihi.org/IHI/Topics/CriticalCare/Sepsis	Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Sepsis, Tools	1	same as above
http://www.ihi.org	Institute for healthcare improvement. Resar R. Sepsis bundle history	5	same as above
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/express.pdf	Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, and Evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure	1	Wears, et al. Subgroups, Reanalyses, and other dangerous things (Editorial). 2005. 46:3;253-255
http://www.who.int/pcs/docs/Classif_Pestic_2000-02.pdf	WHO Recommended classification of pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2000-2001	5	Roberts, et al. Intentional Self-poisoning with MCPA. 2005. 46:3;275-284
http://www.ewgli.org/pdf_files/guidelinesjanuary2005.pdf	European Surveillance Scheme for travel assoc. Legionnaires Disease. European Guidelines for control and prevention of travel assoc. Legionnaires Disease	0	Oliver, Gross. CDC Update; Legionnaires disease assoc. with potable water in a hotel. 2005. 46:3;288-289
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/fluactivity.htm	CDC Flu activity: reports and surveillance methods in the U.S.	1	Brown. EBEM Commentary to are amantadine and rimantadine effective in healthy adults with acute influenza? 2005. 46:3;292-293
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/pandemics.htm	Information about influenza pandemics	4	same as above
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/parkour/parkourenglish	Le Parkour. Le Parkour-The Art of Movement	1	Frumkin. Bilateral Calcaneal Fractures and “Free Running”: A Dangerously Cool Emerging “Sport” (letter). 2005. 46:3;300
http://www.flyfree-forever.com	Adidas-hyperride information website	1	same as above
http://www.potomacinstitute.org	McBride, Tedder. Potomac Institute report: efficacy and safety of electrical stun devices	4	Bozeman. Withdrawal of taser electroshock devices: Too much, too soon (letter). 2005. 46:3;300-301
http://www.taser.com/facts/stats.htm	Taser International. Advanced Taser M26 field use statistics	1	same
Oct-05
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.pdf	National Asthma Educ. and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the dx and management of asthma	1	Corbo, et al. Concordance between capnography and arterial blood gas measurements of carbon dioxide in acute asthma. 2005. 46:4;323-327
http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/SMA01-3518/default.asp	Summary of national strategy for suicide prevention: goals and objectives for action	1	Doshi, et al. National Study of US ED visits for attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury, 1997-2001. 2005. 46:4;369-375
http://www.census.gov/population/www/	US population estimates by age, sex, race, and hispanic origin: 1980-99	6	same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/olddrive/modeldriver	Model driver screening and evaluation program: final technical report, volume 1: project summary and model program recommendations	1	Silverstin. Commentary: Older Driver Safety. NHTSA Notes. 2005. 46:4;377-379
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad358.pdf	National Hospital ambulatory medical care survey: 2003 emergency department summary: advice data from vital health stats	1	same as above
http://www.aamva.org	Hugel. Are you fit to drive? a medical focus	5	same as above
http://www.aamva.org/drivers/drvProblemDriversMedicalAdvisoryBoardPractices.asp	Summary of medical advisory board practices in the US	0	same as above
Nov-05
http://www.cms.hhs.gov/quality/hospital	Hospital Quality Alliance: hospital quality measures 2004	4	Kennedy, et al. Do ED blood cultures change practice in patients with pneumonia? 2005. 46:5;393-400
http://www.jcaho.org/pms/core+measures/information+on+final+specifications.htm	JCAHO. specification manual for national implementation of hospital core measures	5	same as above
http://qnetexchange.org/public/hdc.do?hdcPage=hosp_quality_manual	Specifications manual for national hospital quality measures	8	Walls, Resnick. JCAHO and CMS community-acquired pneumonia initiative. 2005. 46:5;409-411
http://emergency-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2005/427/1	Walls, Resnick. The CMS blood cultures for CAP program: the architects speak out. JWEM editors reply	1	same as above
http://qnetexchange.org/public/docs/hdc/sm4nhqm/2y_PN3b.pdf	NQF endorsed voluntary consensus standards for hospital care. Specifications manual for national hospital quality measures	5	same as above
http://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/c2/uploads/MACAPrevisedApr04.pdf	BTS Pneumonia guidelines committee. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired PNA in adults: 2004 update	1	same as above
http://emergency-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2005/427/1	Houck, Bratzler, Bartlett, et al. CMS blood cultures for CAP program; the architects speak out.	1	same as above
http://www.nyam.org/events/syndromicconference/2002/posterpdf/foldy_poster.pdf	Foldy, Biedrzycki, Barthell, et al. Milwaukee surveillance project: real-time syndromic surveillance using secure regioinal internet	5	Chapman, et al. Classification of ED chief complaints into 7 syndromes. 2005. 46:5;445-455
http://www.nyam.org/events/syndromicconference/2002/posterpdf/townes_poster.pdf	Townes, Koh, Southwick, et al. Use of an electronic ED info system as a data source for respiratory syndrome surveillance	5	same as above
http://www.nyam.org/events/syndromicconference/2002/posterpdf/dembek_poster.pdf	Dembek, Myers, Carley, et al. Connecticut hospital admission syndromic surveillance	4	same as above
http://www.nyam.org/events/syndromicconference/2002/posterpdf/cochrane_poster.pdf	Cochrane, Allegra, Rothman. Real-time biosurveillance using an existing emergency department electronic medical record database	4	same as above
http://www.nyam.org/events/syndromicconference/2002/posterpdf/chapman.pdf	Chapman, Wagner, Ivanov, et al. Syndromic surveillance from free-text triage chief complaints	4	same as above
http://www.health.pitt.edu/rods	RODS Laboratory web site	1	same as above
http://legacy.uwcm.ac.uk/study/medicine/epidemiology_statistics/research/statistics/ciproportion.xls	Chief complaint surveillance	3	same as above
http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/ptsafety	Rothschild. Ultrasound guidance of central vein catheterization: making healthcare safer: a critical analysis of patient safety practices	1	Costantino, et al. Ultrasonography guided peripheral IV access versus traditional approaches in patients with difficult IV access. 2005. 46:5;456-461
http://www.cochrane.org/resources/handbook/hbook.htm	Alderson, green, Higgins, eds. Assessment of study quality. Cochrane reviewers; handbook 4.2.3	1	Judge. To Dive or not to dive? Use of HBO therapy to prevent neurologic sequelae in patients acutely poisoned with carbon monoxide. EBEM. 2005. 46:5;462-464
Dec-05
http://www.chcf.org/documents/hospitals/MinNurseStaffingRatios.pdf	Center for the Health Professioinals, UCSF. Minimum nurse staffing ratios in California acute care hospitals	0	Hobgood, et al. ED patient volume and registered nurse bedside time. 2005. 46:6;481-489
http://www.viccellio.com/fullcapacity.htm	Schroffel, Schiavone. ED full capacity protocol	1	Cass. Once Upon a time in the ED: A cautionary tale. 2005. 46:6;541-543
http://www.viccellio.com/overcrowding.htm	Viccellio. Hospital overcrowding	1	same as above
http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetroot/04/09/17/81/0409171.pdf	Alberti. Transforming emergency care in England: a report by Professor George Alberti	0	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/injury.htm	National center for Health Statistics. Fastats	8	Betz, Li. Epidemiologic patterns of injuries treated in ambulatory care settings. 2005. 46:6;544-551
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm	2002 NHAMCS micro-data file documentation	4	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm	2002 NHAMCS micro-data file documentation	4	same as above
http://www.census.gov/popest/datasets.html	Monthly postcensal civilian noninstitutional population, July 2002	1	same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/Breath_TestRefusals.pdf	Breath test refusals in DWI enforcement; an interim report	1	McKay, Garrison. Commentary: Reducing drunk driving; what is the role of emergency physicians? NHTSA Notes. 2005. 46:6;552-555
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/queryReport.cfm?stateid=0&year=2003	Fatality Analysis reporting system. Queried by driver of vehicle in transport, previous DUI/dWI conviction, and police reported alcohol involvement.	4	same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/finalreport.cfm?title=Crashes&stateid=0&year=2003&title2=Alcohol	Fatal crashes and percent alcohol related, by time of day and crash type: Fatality analysis reporting system web based encyclopedia	4	same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/finalreport.cfm?title=Trends&stateid=0&year=2003&title2=Alcohol	Persons killed, by highest blood alcohol concentration in the crashes, 1994-2003	4	same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad358.pdf	McCaig, Burt. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2003; advance data from vital and Health Statistics, CDC	1	same as above
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Practitioner/guide.pdf	National Institutes for alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Updated clinicians guide	0	same as above

Classification: 0: No site found; 1: Active site; 2: Temporarily unavailable; 3: Restricted site; 4: Reference found with search; 5: Reference not found with search; 6: No site search capability; 7: Publisher’s site; 8: Updated version of same information; 9: Information mismatch; 10: Temporarily unavailable but now active.

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Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda, CA.

Address for correspondence: Andrea W. Thorp, MD, Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, A-108, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA 92354; 909-558-7698, fax 909-558-0121

Supervising editor: David L. Schriger, MD, MPH

Author contributions: LB conceived the project idea. AWT and LB designed the project, participated in data collection, and analyzed the data. AWT drafted the article, and LB contributed substantially to its revision. AWT takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.

Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article, that might create any potential conflict of interest. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement. This project was solely supported by internal departmental funds.

Available online February 5, 2007.

Reprints not available from the authors.

PII: S0196-0644(06)02543-1

doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.11.019

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