Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 50, Issue 3 , Pages 320-326 , September 2007

Decisionmaking in Hospital Earthquake Evacuation: Does Distance From the Epicenter Matter?

Presented at the American College of Emergency Physicians Scientific Assembly Research Forum, October 2004, San Francisco, CA.

  • Carl H. Schultz, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, and the Emergency Department, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: Carl H. Schultz, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, UCI Medical Center, Route #128, 101 City Drive, Orange, CA 92668; 714-456-3713, fax 714-456-3714.
    • ,
  • Kristi L. Koenig, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, and the Emergency Department, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
    • ,
  • Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, and Emergency Department, Harbor–University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA.

Received 9 November 2006 ,Revised 27 February 2007 ,Accepted 26 March 2007.

References 

  1. Schultz CH, Koenig KL, Lewis RJ. Implications of hospital evacuation after the Northridge, California, earthquake. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1349–1355
  2. EQE International. Chichi, Taiwan earthquake of September 21, 1999 (M7.6)—an EQE briefing [ABS Consulting Web site]. Available at: http://www.absconsulting.com/resources/Catastrophe_Reports/Chichi-Taiwan-1999.pdf. Accessed March 8, 2006.
  3. Liang N-J, Shih Y-T, Shih F-Y, et al. Disaster epidemiology and medical response in the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38:549–555
  4. Liao Y-H, Hwang L-C, Chang C-C, et al. Building collapse and human deaths resulting from the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, September 1999. Arch Environ Health. 2003;58:572–578
  5. Ramirez M, Peek-Asa C. Epidemiology of traumatic injuries from earthquakes. Epidemiol Rev. 2005;27:47–55
  6. Furumura T, Wen K-L, Koketsu K. PSM/FDM hybrid simulation of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Presented at: the Second APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulation Workshop, Tokyo, Japan; October 15-20, 2000. Japanese Research Organization for Information Science & Technology Web site. Available at: http://www.tokyo.rist.or.jp/ACES_WS2/extended_abstract/PDF/TakashiFurumura.pdf. Accessed March 8, 2006.
  7. Preliminary map of peak horizontal ground acceleration for the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake of January 17, 1995, Japan [United States Geological Survey Web site]. Available at: http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/recent/reports/kobe. Accessed March 8, 2006.
  8. ShakeMap showing peak ground acceleration during the January 17, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake [United States Geological Survey Web site]. Available at: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/shakemap/sc/shake/Northridge_zoom/#Peak_Ground_Acceleration. Accessed February 21, 2007.
  9. Earthquake Hazards Program, Northridge earthquake ShakeMap [USGS Web site]. Available at: http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/shake/pubs/shake/node6.html. Accessed February 21, 2007.
  10. Community Internet Intensity, USGS Modified Mercalli Intensity, and Instrumental Intensity [United States Geological Survey Web site]. Available at: http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/shake/pubs/ciim/node5.html. Accessed February 22, 2007.
  11. Haukoos JS, Lewis RJ. Advanced statistics: bootstrapping confidence intervals for statistics with “difficult” distributions. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:360–365
  12. Newson R. Parameters behind “nonparametric” statistics: Kendall’s tau, Somers’ D and median differences. Stata J. 2002;2:45–64
  13. Wald DJ, Quitoriano V, Heaton TH, et al. TriNet “ShakeMaps”: rapid generation of instrumental ground motion and intensity maps for earthquakes in southern California. Earthquake Spectra. 1999;15:537–556

 Supervising editor: Jonathan L. Burstein, MD

 Author contributions: CHS conceived of the idea for the article. CHS and KLK reviewed the literature on the subject. CHS, KLK, and RJL wrote and reviewed the article, as well as the references and the tables. RJL provided statistical support. CHS and KLK takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.

 Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article, that may create any potential conflict of interest. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement. Study funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation CMS-9416277.

 Available online April 30, 2007.

 Reprints not available from the authors.

PII: S0196-0644(07)00386-1

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.03.025

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 50, Issue 3 , Pages 320-326 , September 2007

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