Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 53, Issue 4 , Pages 469-476 , April 2009

Use of a Computerized Forcing Function Improves Performance in Ordering Restraints

Presented as an abstract at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine annual meeting, May 2006, San Francisco, CA.

  • Richard T. Griffey, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: Richard T. Griffey, MD, MPH, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Box 8072, 660 Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010; 314-747-4899, fax 314-362-0478
    • ,
  • Kathleen Wittels, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
    • ,
  • Nicki Gilboy, RN, MS, CEN

      Affiliations

    • Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
    • ,
  • Andrew T. McAfee, MD, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
    • i3Drug Safety, Waltham, MA

Received 3 September 2007 ,Revised 8 May 2008 ,Accepted 15 May 2008.

References 

  1. Annas GJ. The last resort—the use of physical restraints in medical emergencies. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1408–1412
  2. Kozub ML, Skidmore R. Seclusion and restraint: understanding recent changes. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2001;39:24–31
  3. Evans D, Wood J, Lambert L. Patient injury and physical restraint devices: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 2003;41:274–282
  4. Nelstrop L, Chandler-Oatts J, Bingley W, et al. A systematic review of the safety and effectiveness of restraint and seclusion as interventions for the short-term management of violence in adult psychiatric inpatient settings and emergency departments. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2006;3:8–18
  5. The Joint Commission. http://www.jcaho.orgAccessed June 4, 2008.
  6. American College of Emergency Physicians. Policy statement on use of restraints (reaffirmed by the ACEP Board of Directors October 2007). http://www.acep.org/practres.aspx?id=29836
  7. Leykum L, Biviano A, Albert J, et al. SSI: how does an academic healthcare system approach quality?. Abstr Acad Health Serv Res Health Policy Meet. 2002;19:25
  8. Kaushal R, Shojania K, Bates D. Effects of computerized physician order entry and clinical decision support systems on medication safety: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1409–1416
  9. Bates DW, Gawande AA. Improving safety with information technology. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2526–2534
  10. Wears RL, Janiak B, Moorhead JC, et al. Human error in medicine: promise and pitfalls, part 2. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;36:142–144
  11. Croskerry P, Shapiro M, Campbell S. Profiles in patient safety: medication errors in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2004;11:289–299
  12. Bernstein SL, Whitaker D, Winograd J, et al. An electronic chart prompt to decrease proprietary antibiotic prescription to self-pay patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:225–231
  13. Lum TE, Fairbanks RJ, Pennington EC, et al. Profiles in patient safety: misplaced femoral line guidewire and multiple failures to detect the foreign body on chest radiography. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:658–662
  14. Lavoie FW, Carter GL, Danzl DF, et al. Emergency department violence in United States teaching hospitals. Ann Emerg Med. 1988;17:1227–1233
  15. Bower F, McCullough C, Timmons M. A synthesis of what we know about the use of physical restraints and seclusion with patients in psychiatric and acute care settings: 2003 update. Online J Knowl Synth Nurs. 2003;10:1
  16. Zun LS. A prospective study of the complication rate of use of patient restraint in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 2003;24:119–124
  17. Grimshaw JM, Shirran L, Thomas R, et al. Changing provider behavior: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions. Medical Care, vol. 39, No. 8, supplement II: implementing evidence-based recommendations for health care. Papers from the Leeds Castle Conference; August 2001:II2-II45.

 Supervising editor: Robert L. Wears, MD, MS

 Author contributions: RTG and NG conceived of and designed the study. RTG, KW, and NG performed data collection. RTG and KW managed the data and oversaw data quality control. ATM provided statistical advice on study design. RTG and ATM analyzed the data. RTG drafted the article and all authors contributed to its revision. RTG takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.

 Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article that might create any potential conflict of interest. The authors have stated that no such relationships exist. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement.

 Publication dates: Available online July 19, 2008.

 Reprints not available from the authors.

PII: S0196-0644(08)00850-0

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.05.035

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 53, Issue 4 , Pages 469-476 , April 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution