Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 53, Issue 4 , Pages 419-424 , April 2009

The Underrecognized Toll of Prescription Opioid Abuse on Young Children

  • J. Elise Bailey, MSPH

      Affiliations

    • Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center–Denver Health, Denver, CO
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: J. Elise Bailey, MSPH, Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center-Denver Health, 777 Bannock Street, MC 0180, Denver, CO 80204; 303-739-1297, fax 303-739-1473
    • ,
  • Elizabeth Campagna, MS

      Affiliations

    • Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center–Denver Health, Denver, CO
    • ,
  • Richard C. Dart, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center–Denver Health, Denver, CO
    • University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
    • ,
  • The RADARS System Poison Center Investigators

      Affiliations

    • All members are listed in the Appendix.

Received 19 March 2008 ,Revised 25 June 2008 ,Accepted 15 July 2008.

References 

  1. Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration. Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: national findings. http://oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k5nsduh/2k5Results.pdfAccessed April 10, 2007
  2. Paulozzi LJ, Budnitz DS, Xi Y. Increasing deaths from opioid analgesics in the United States. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety. 2006;15:618–627
  3. Geib AJ, Babu K, Ewald MB, et al. Adverse effects in children after unintentional buprenorphine exposure. Pediatrics. 2006;118:1746–1751
  4. Cicero TJ, Dart RC, Inciardi JA, et al. The development of a comprehensive risk-management program for prescription opioid analgesics: Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS®). Pain Med. 2007;8:157–170
  5. American Association of Poison Control Centers. Instructions for the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (2001). http://www.aapcc.org/MEMBERS/tess%20manual%202002/fielddefs/outcome2002.pdfAccessed July 5, 2007
  6. Bailey JE, Barton PL, Lezotte D, et al. The effect of FDA approval of a generic competitor to OxyContin® (oxycodone HCl controlled-release) tablets on the abuse of oxycodone. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;84:182–187
  7. Hughes AH, Bogdan GM, Dart RC. Active surveillance of abused and misused prescription opioids using poison center data: a pilot study and descriptive comparison. Clin Toxicol. 2007;45:144–151
  8. Smith MY, Dart RC, Hughes AA, et al. Clinical validation of poison control center (PCC) intentional exposure cases involving prescription opioids. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2006;32:465–478
  9. Subutex (buprenorphine hydrochloride) and Suboxone tablets (buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride) drug label. http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2002/207321b1.pdfAccessed August 1, 2008.

 Supervising editor: Steven M. Green, MD

 Dr. Green was the supervising editor on this article. Dr. Dart did not participate in the editorial review or decision to publish this article.

 Author contributions: JEB and RCD conceived and designed the study and obtained funding through an unrestricted educational grant. The RADARS System Poison Center Investigators were responsible for collecting the data, performing quality control checks on the data, and commenting on the article. EC analyzed the data. Each author was responsible for drafting different sections of the article and contributed substantially to the revisions of the article as a whole. JEB takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.

 Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article, that might create any potential conflict of interest. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement. Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals Inc., Richmond, VA, supported these analyses through an unrestricted educational grant but did not participate in the data collection, analysis, or preparation of the article. Denver Health—Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center (RMPDC) is a nonprofit public hospital that operates the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS®) System. Data presented are from poison centers participating in this system. RADARS System is supported by several subscribers from the pharmaceutical industry.

 Publication dates: Available online September 2, 2008.

PII: S0196-0644(08)01503-5

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.07.015

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 53, Issue 4 , Pages 419-424 , April 2009

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