Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 53, Issue 3 , Pages 310-320 , March 2009

One-Year Medical Outcomes and Emergency Department Recidivism After Emergency Department Observation for Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain

  • Rebecca Cunningham, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
    • Department of Emergency Medicine Injury Research Center, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI
    • Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: Rebecca Cunningham, MD, University of Michigan, Injury Research Center, 300 North Ingalls Street, Room 2C40, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5437; 734-615-3704, fax 734-936-2706
    • ,
  • Maureen A. Walton, MPH, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
    • ,
  • Jim Edward Weber, DO

      Affiliations

    • Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
    • Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI
    • ,
  • Samantha O'Broin, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
    • ,
  • Shanti P. Tripathi, MS

      Affiliations

    • College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Health Services Research, Little Rock, AR
    • ,
  • Ronald F. Maio, DO, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
    • ,
  • Brenda M. Booth, PhD

      Affiliations

    • College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Health Services Research, Little Rock, AR
    • Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR

Received 28 March 2008 ,Revised 3 July 2008 ,Accepted 15 July 2008.

References 

  1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2005: National Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies, Department of Health and Human Services; 2007;SMA 07-4256
  2. Minor RL, Scott BD, Brown DD, et al. Cocaine-induced myocardial infarction in patients with normal coronary arteries. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:797–806
  3. Booth BM, Weber JE, Walton MA, et al. Characteristics of cocaine users presenting to an emergency department chest pain observation unit. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:329–337
  4. Qureshi AI, Suri MF, Guterman LR, et al. Cocaine use and the likelihood of nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation. 2001;103:502–506
  5. Hollander JE, Todd KH, Green G, et al. Chest pain associated with cocaine: an assessment of prevalence in suburban and urban emergency departments. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;26:671–676
  6. Mittleman MA, Mintzer D, Maclure M, et al. Triggering of myocardial infarction by cocaine. Circulation. 1999;99:2737–2741
  7. Hollander JE, Henry TD. Evaluation and management of the patient who has cocaine-associated chest pain. Cardiology clinics. 2006;24:103–114
  8. McCord J, Jneid H, Hollander JE, et al. Management of cocaine-associated chest pain and myocardial infarction: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Acute Cardiac Care Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation. 2008;117:1897–1907
  9. Weber JE, Shofer FS, Larkin GL, et al. Validation of a brief observation period for patients with cocaine-associated chest pain. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:510–517
  10. Hollander JE, Hoffman RS, Gennis P, et al. Cocaine-associated chest pain: one-year follow-up. Acad Emerg Med. 1995;2:179–184
  11. Haverkos HW, Lange WR Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration. Serious infections other than human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug abusers. J Infect Dis. 1990;161:894–902
  12. Cunningham R, Walton MA, Tripathi SP, et al. Past-year violence typologies among patients with cocaine-related chest pain. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2007;33:571–582
  13. Hollander JE, Levitt MA, Young GP, et al. Effect of recent cocaine use on the specificity of cardiac markers for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 1998;135(2 pt 1):245–252
  14. Tietz NW. Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. 4th ed.. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co; 1996;
  15. Smith GR, Burnam MA, Mosley CL, et al. Reliability and validity of the Substance Abuse Outcomes Module. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57:1452–1460
  16. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. Fourth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994;
  17. Ware JE. SF-36 Health Survey: Manual and Interpretation Guide. Boston, MA: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center; 1993;
  18. Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) (I. Conceptual framework and item selection). Med Care. 1992;30:473–483
  19. Gray TA, Wish E. Correlates of underreporting recent drug use in female arrestees: a test of the literature. J Drug Issues. 1999;29:91–106
  20. Hamid R, Deren S, Beardsley M, et al. Agreement between urinalysis and self-reported drug use. Subst Use Misuse. 1999;34:1585–1592
  21. Hser YI. Self-reported drug use: results of selected empirical investigations of validity. NIDA Res Monogr. 1997;167:320–343
  22. Hser YI, Maglione M, Boyle K. Validity of self-report of drug use among STD patients, ER patients, and arrestees. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1999;25:81–91
  23. Mieczkowski T. The operational styles of crack houses in Detroit. NIDA Res Monogr. 1990;103:60–91
  24. Mieczkowski T, Newel R, Wraight B. Using hair analysis, urinalysis, and self-reports to estimate drug use in a sample of detained juveniles. Subst Use Misuse. 1998;33:1547–1567
  25. Gilbert EH, Lowenstein SR, Koziol-McLain J, et al. Chart reviews in emergency medicine research: where are the methods?. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27:305–308
  26. Thapa PB, Walton MA, Cunningham RM, et al. Longitudinal substance use following an emergency department visit for cocaine-associated chest pain. J Drug Issues. In press.
  27. Kushman SO, Storrow AB, Liu T, et al. Cocaine-associated chest pain in a chest pain center. Am J Cardiol. 2000;85:394–396A310
  28. Hollander JE, Hoffman RS, Burstein JL, et al. Cocaine-associated myocardial infarction (Mortality and complications. Cocaine-Associated Myocardial Infarction Study Group). Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:1081–1086
  29. Zuckerman S, Shen YC. Characteristics of occasional and frequent emergency department users: do insurance coverage and access to care matter?. Med Care. 2004;42:176–182
  30. Stein MD. Medical complications of intravenous drug use. J Gen Intern Med. 1990;5:249–257
  31. Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, et al. Cerebrovascular complications of the use of the “crack” form of alkaloidal cocaine. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:699–704
  32. Kaku DA, Lowenstein DH. Emergence of recreational drug abuse as a major risk factor for stroke in young adults. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:821–827
  33. Wryobeck JM, Lippo G, McLaughlin V, et al. Psychosocial aspects of pulmonary hypertension: a review. Psychosomatics. 2007;48:467–475
  34. Walton MA, Cunningham RM, Chermack ST, et al. Correlates of violence history among injured patients in an urban emergency department: gender, substance use, and depression. J Addict Dis. 2007;26:61–75

 Supervising editor: Judd E. Hollander, MD

 Author contributions: All coauthors contributed in conducting this research, writing the article, and approving this final version of the article. RC, MAW, JEW, and RFM were coinvestigators on the grant that funded this work. RC, SO, and MAW developed this article. JEW, SPT, RFM, and BMB reviewed/edited this article. BMB, MAW, RC, JEW and RFM participated in the study design and development of the recruitment protocol. JEW facilitated the research project in the ED. SO contributed to the data abstraction of medical charts. BMB was principal investigator on the grant that funded this work and provided overall supervision for the research presented in this article. RC takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.

 Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article, that might create any potential conflict of interest. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement. Supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, RO1 grant DA14343.

 Publication dates: Available online September 28, 2008.

 Reprints not available from the authors.

PII: S0196-0644(08)01506-0

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.07.018

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 53, Issue 3 , Pages 310-320 , March 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution