Safety and Efficacy of Rapid Titration Using 1mg Doses of Intravenous Hydromorphone in Emergency Department Patients With Acute Severe Pain: The “1+1” Protocol

 Supervising editor: Steven M. Green, MD

 Author contributions: AKC, PEB, MKM, and EJG conceived the study and designed the trial. AKC and CMC managed the data, including quality control. PEB analyzed the data and provided all figures and tables. AKC drafted the article, and all authors contributed substantially to its multiple revisions. AKC takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.

 Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article that might create any potential conflict of interest. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement. Dr. Chang was supported by a Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Research Training Grant.

 Publication date: Available online November 8, 2008.

 Reprints not available from the authors.

PII: S0196-0644(08)01781-2

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.09.017

© 2008 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.