Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 54, Issue 3 , Pages 447-457.e5 , September 2009

Effectiveness of Nonresuscitative First Aid Training in Laypersons: A Systematic Review

  • Stijn Van de Velde, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Belgian Red Cross–Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: Stijn Van de Velde, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Motstraat 40, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium; 32-0-15-44-34-76, fax 32-0-15-44-33-08
    • ,
  • Annemie Heselmans, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    • ,
  • Ann Roex, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    • ,
  • Philippe Vandekerckhove, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Belgian Red Cross–Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
    • ,
  • Dirk Ramaekers, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    • ,
  • Bert Aertgeerts, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

References 

  1. Van de Velde S, Broos P, Van Bouwelen M, et al. European first aid guidelines. Resuscitation. 2007;72:240–251
  2. Handley AJ, Koster R, Monsieurs K, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005 (Section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators). Resuscitation. 2005;67(suppl 1):S7–S23
  3. Auf der Heide E. The importance of evidence-based disaster planning. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;47:34–49
  4. Helsloot I, Ruitenberg A. Citizen response to disasters: a survey of literature and some practical implications. J Contingencies Crisis Manage. 2004;12:98–111
  5. Crippen D. The World Trade Center attack (Similarities to the 1988 earthquake in Armenia: time to teach the public life-supporting first aid?). Crit Care. 2001;5:312–314
  6. Wessely S. The London attacks—aftermath: victimhood and resilience. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:548–550
  7. Carresi AL. The 2004 Madrid train bombings: an analysis of pre-hospital management. Disasters. 2008;32:41–65
  8. Adamson S. First aid response to the Kobe earthquake, January 17, 1995 (Natural Hazards Center (1997)). http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/research/qr/qr102.htmlAccessed October 21, 2008
  9. Perry RW, Lindell MK. Understanding citizen response to disasters with implications for terrorism. J Contingencies Crisis Manage. 2003;11:49–60
  10. World Health Organization. Prehospital trauma care systems (2005). http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/services/39162_oms_new.pdfAccessed October 21, 2008
  11. Abrams JI, Pretto EA, Angus D, et al. Guidelines for rescue training of the lay public. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1993;8:151–156
  12. Kano M, Siegel JM, Bourque LB. First-aid training and capabilities of the lay public: a potential alternative source of emergency medical assistance following a natural disaster. Disasters. 2005;29:58–74
  13. Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, et al. Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Lancet. 1999;354:1896–1900
  14. Auger CP. Information Sources in Grey Literature (Guides to Information Sources). 4th ed.. London, England: Bowker Saur; 1998;
  15. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. 2005 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations (Part 8: Interdisciplinary topics). Resuscitation. 2005;67:305–314
  16. Jabbour M, Osmond MH, Klassen TP. Life support courses: are they effective?. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;28:690–698
  17. Makinen M, Niemi-Murola L, Makela M, et al. Methods of assessing cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills: a systematic review. Eur J Emerg Med. 2007;14:108–114
  18. Kendrick D, Coupland C, Mulvaney C, et al. Home safety education and provision of safety equipment for injury prevention. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(1):CD005014
  19. Spinks A, Turner C, McClure R, et al. Community based prevention programs targeting all injuries for children. Inj Prev. 2004;10:180–185
  20. Turner C, Spinks A, McClure R, et al. Community-based interventions for the prevention of burns and scalds in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD004335
  21. Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center. Best practices: poisoning. http://depts.washington.edu/hiprc/practices/topic/poisoning/index.htmlAccessed September 25, 2007
  22. Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 4.2.5. [updated May 2005] http://www.cochrane.org/resources/handbookAccessed June 11, 2007
  23. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group. The data collection checklist. http://www.epoc.cochrane.org/files/website%20files/Documents/Reviewer%20Resources/datacollectionchecklist.pdfAccessed June 11, 2007
  24. Best Evidence Medical Education Collaboration. Appendix IIIA prototype BEME coding sheet. http://www.bemecollaboration.org/beme/pages/start.htmlAccessed June 11, 2007
  25. UNESCO. International standard classification of education (ISCED 1997). http://www.unesco.org/education/information/nfsunesco/doc/isced_1997.htmAccessed November 5, 2007
  26. Marchand-Martella NE, Martella RC. Teaching a first aid skill to students with disabilities using two training programs. Educ Treat Child. 1992;15:15–31
  27. Peterson L. Teaching home safety and survival skills to latch-key children: a comparison of two manuals and methods. J Appl Behav Anal. 1984;17:279–293
  28. Timko TC, Sainato DM. Effects of first aid training using small group instruction with young children with disabilities. J Early Intervent. 1999;22:323–336
  29. McKenna SP, Hale AR. Changing behavior towards danger: the effect of first aid training. J Occup Accidents. 1982;4:47–59
  30. Stern EB, Berman M, Thomas JJ, et al. Community education for stroke awareness: an efficacy study. Stroke. 1999;30:720–723
  31. Frederick K, Bixby E, Orzel MN, et al. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Injury Minimization Programme for Schools (IMPS). Inj Prev. 2000;6:92–95
  32. Campbell NR, Ayala GX, Litrownik AJ, et al. Evaluation of a first aid and home safety program for Hispanic migrant adolescents. Am J Prev Med. 2001;20:258–265
  33. Engeland A, Roysamb E, Smedslund G, et al. Effects of first-aid training in junior high schools. Inj Control Saf Promot. 2002;9:99–106
  34. Capone PL, Lane JC, Kerr CS, et al. Life supporting first aid (LSFA) teaching to Brazilians by television spots. Resuscitation. 2000;47:259–265
  35. Raynal A, Gear JS, de Beer M. Child health and childminding. S Afr Med J. 1991;80:28–31
  36. Breivik H, Ulvik NM, Blikra G, et al. Life-supporting first aid self-training. Crit Care Med. 1980;8:654–658
  37. Kelly NR, Huffman LC, Mendoza FS, et al. Effects of a videotape to increase use of poison control centers by low-income and Spanish-speaking families: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2003;111:21–26
  38. Moore JB. Effects of assertion training and first aid instruction on children's autonomy and self-care agency. Res Nurs Health. 1987;10:101–109
  39. Shotland RL, Heinold WD. Bystander response to arterial bleeding: helping skills, the decision-making process, and differentiating the helping response. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985;49:347–356
  40. Hawks SR, Egan M. The impact of three different first aid curricula on emergency helping among college students. J Health Educ. 1998;29:289–293
  41. American Psychological Association. Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002). http://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.htmlAccessed June 25, 2008
  42. In:  Norman GR,  van der Vleuten CPM,  Newble DI editor. International Handbook of Research in Medical Education. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2002;

 Author contributions: This review was made on behalf of Belgian Red Cross-Flanders. SVDV, BA, and DR conceived and designed the study. SVDV implemented and wrote the review. AH was the second reviewer and screened retrieved papers against inclusion criteria, appraised the methodological quality of studies, and checked if data extraction was accurate. BA and DR gave methodological advice. AR provided a medical education perspective. PV provided general advice on the review. B Aertgeerts was the guarantor of the study.

 Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article that might create any potential conflict of interest. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement. This study was funded by the Belgian Red Cross–Flanders. Belgian Red Cross–Flanders is one of the 186 National Societies of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. First aid training is an important activity of the organization. To further improve the quality and effectiveness of the first aid programs, the Belgian Red Cross–Flanders aims at the establishment of evidence-based practice in first aid. S Van de Velde and P Vandekerckhove are in employment at the Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, which provides training in first aid.

 Publication date: Available online January 21, 2009.

 Reprints not available from the authors.

PII: S0196-0644(08)02005-2

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.11.005

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 54, Issue 3 , Pages 447-457.e5 , September 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution