Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 54, Issue 5 , Pages 745-747 , November 2009

Rhythm Control With Electrocardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter

References 

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  2. Carlsson J, Miketic S, Windeler J, et al. STAF Investigators (Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation: the Strategies of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF) Study). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1690–1696
  3. Opolski G, Torbicki A, Kosior DA, et al. Rate control vs rhythm control in patients with nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation: the results of the Polish How to Treat Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (HOT CAFE) Study. Chest. 2004;126:476–486
  4. Connors S, Dorian P. Management of supraventricular tachycardia in the emergency department. Can J Cardiol. 1997;13(suppl A):19A–24A
  5. Lown B, Amarasingham R, Neuman J. New method for terminating cardiac arrhythmias: use of synchronized capacitor discharge. JAMA. 1962;182:548–555
  6. Kirchhof P, Eckardt L, Loh P, et al. Anterior-posterior versus anterior-lateral electrode positions for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial. Lancet. 2000;360:1275–1279
  7. Page RL, Kerber RE, Russell JK, et al. Biphasic versus monophasic shock waveform for conversion of atrial fibrillation: the results of an international randomized, double-blind multicenter trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1956–1963
  8. Fuster V, Ryden LE, Asinger RW, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) developed in collaboration with the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1231–1265
  9. Weigner MJ, Caulfield TA, Danias PG, et al. Risk for clinical thromboembolism associated with conversion to sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation lasting less than 48 hours. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:615–620
  10. Stead LG, Decker WW. Rhythm versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and flutter. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;47:496–498
  11. Steinberg JS, Sadaniantz A, Kron J, et al. Analysis of Cause-Specific Mortality in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Circulation. 2004;109:1973–1980
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PII: S0196-0644(08)02086-6

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.12.012

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 54, Issue 5 , Pages 745-747 , November 2009