Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 54, Issue 1 , Pages 78-82 , July 2009

Gram's Stain of Peritoneal Fluid Is Rarely Helpful in the Evaluation of the Ascites Patient

  • Brian Chinnock, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: Brian Chinnock, MD, UCSF-Fresno Building, 155 Fresno Street, Suite 216, Fresno, CA 93701; 559-499-6440, fax 559-499-6441
    • ,
  • Casey Fox, BS
    • ,
  • Gregory W. Hendey, MD

Received 5 September 2008 ,Revised 21 November 2008 ,Accepted 16 December 2008.

References 

  1. Rimola A, Garcia-Tsao G, Navasa M, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. J Hepatol. 2000;32:142–153
  2. Parsi MA, Atreja A, Zein NN. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: recent data on incidence and treatment. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:569–576
  3. Gines P, Cardenas A, Arroyo V, et al. Management of cirrhosis and ascites. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1646–1654
  4. Runyon BA, Canawati HN, Akriviadis EA. Optimization of ascitic fluid culture technique. Gastroenterology. 1988;95:1351–1355
  5. Pascual J, Sureda A, Lopez-San Ramon A, et al. Spontaneous peritonitis caused by Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28:1484–1486
  6. Navasa M, Follo A, Llovet JM, et al. Randomized, comparative study of oral ofloxacin versus intravenous cefotaxime in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology. 1996;111:1011–1017
  7. Rimola A, Salmeron JM, Clemente G, et al. Two different dosages of cefotaxime in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: results of a prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Hepatology. 1995;21:674–679
  8. Boixeda D, DeLuis DA, Aller R, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (Clinical and microbiological study of 233 episodes). J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996;23:275–279
  9. Filik L, Unal S. Clinical and laboratory features of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. East Afr Med J. 2004;81:474–479
  10. Leandro G, Colloredo Mels G, Minoia M, et al. The spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients (To a new gold standard). Ital J Gastroenterol. 1991;23:416–420
  11. Jammula P, Gupta R. Listeria monocytogenes-induced monomicrobial non-neutrocytic bacterascites. South Med J. 2002;25:1204–1206

 Supervising editor: Gregory J. Moran, MD

 Author contributions: BC conceived the study. BC, CF, and GWH designed the study. BC and CF supervised and managed the data collection. BC and CF did all final data analysis, and GWH provided statistical advice. BC and GWH drafted the article. BC, CF, and GWH worked on the revision. BC takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.

 Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article that might create any potential conflict of interest. The authors have stated that no such relationships exist. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement.

 Reprints not available from the authors.

 Publication date: Available online February 7, 2009.

PII: S0196-0644(08)02119-7

doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.12.020

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 54, Issue 1 , Pages 78-82 , July 2009

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