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Authorship

All authors certify that they have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content, including participation in the concept, design, analysis, writing, or revision of the manuscript. The corresponding author is responsible for providing a description of each author's contributions to all Original Research and Brief Research Reports, including which authors (s) conducted the statistical analysis. Signers of this document agree that these descriptions accurately reflect contributions. If authors not named on this document contributed to the writing of this manuscript, provide their names here and clearly describe in detail their role and sponsoring agency. Each author certifies that this material or similar material has not been and will not be submitted to or published in any other publication before its appearance in Annals. If this study has been or will be presented at a national meeting, indicate the appropriate information on the title page. If this study is a randomized controlled trial, please provide the trial number here:______________________
Conflict of Interest/Funding

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I certify that I have disclosed below and on the title page any affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. These financial interests include honoraria; authorship payments; education grants; speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, stock ownership, or other equity interest in an organization with a financial interest; consultancies; expert testimony; and patent-licensing arrangements.
Please complete the following:
1. Was any payment, outside funding, or other form of support received for this publication? ❒ Yes ❒ No
If yes, list the sources of support.___________________________________
2a. The underlying research reported in the article was funded by the US National Institutes of Health ❒ Yes ❒ No
2b. The underlying research reported in the article was performed by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator ❒ Yes ❒ No
3. Do you have any financial interest in any product discussed or the company that makes it (see list above)? ❒ Yes ❒ No
If yes, please explain that interest.___________________________________
4. Did any individuals, other than the authors listed above, have any of the following?
–control over the data itself?
–the right to determine what data were reported, or how these data were analyzed or interpreted?
–control over whether a manuscript was submitted for publication, or the wording or conclusions of that manuscript? ❒ Yes ❒ No
–participate in drafting or revising any version of the manuscript?
If yes, please provide their names and describe in detail their role and sponsoring agency.____________________________________
Institutional Review Board Approval/Informed Consent

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In any research on human beings, the subject's informed consent should be obtained, preferably in writing. State this in the Methods section. Please provide the following information: Institutional review board approval or exemption from full review is noted in the Methods section on page _____.
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Copyright Transfer

The undersigned author(s) transfer all copyright ownership to the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), in the event that the work is published in any medium. ACEP recognizes that works prepared by officers or employees of the US government, as part of their official government duties, are in the public domain. Authors reserve all proprietary rights (other than copyright) including patent rights relating to the subject matter of the article and the right for personal use in lectures, lecture notes, and exhibits. For all other uses, authors must seek written permission from ACEP and the publisher, Elsevier Inc. All submitted material that has been published elsewhere is accompanied by the written consent of the author and publisher. Photographs and any materials that contain personal information are accompanied by their signed release authorizing publication. Please note that the time of your submission of page proof corrections to official publication on the Web is approximately 10 to 14 days.
Agreement

By means of signature below, the undersigned author(s) signifies acceptance of the terms and conditions listed above. All authors must sign this form or a copy. These forms must be on file in the Annals office before the manuscript is published. For additional guidelines, see the Instructions for Authors. I have also been made aware of the journal's policies with respect to funding agency requirements such as the NIH Public Access policy, and the rapid publication ‘Articles In Press' service. See elsevier.com for details.
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Fax or mail this signed form to: Editor in Chief, Annals of Emergency Medicine, PO Box 619911, Dallas, TX 75261-9911; or 1125 Executive Circle, Irving, TX 75038, Fax 972-580-0051. Annals of Emergency Medicine is owned by the American College of Emergency Physicians and is published monthly by Elsevier Inc.