Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 34, Issue 1 , Pages 75-84 , July 1999

Nebulized Ipratropium Bromide in Acute Pediatric Asthma: Does It Reduce Hospital Admissions Among Children Presenting to the Emergency Department?

Received 4 March 1999 ,Revised 8 April 1999 ,Accepted 21 April 1999.

References 

  1. Beck R, Robertson C, Galdes-Sebaldt M, et al.  Combined salbutamol and ipratropium bromide by inhalation in the treatment of severe acute asthma. J Pediatr. 1985;107:605–608
  2. Fitzgerald JM, Grunfeld A, Pare PD, et al.  The clinical efficacy of combination nebulized anticholinergic and adrenergic bronchodilators vs. nebulized adrenergic bronchodilators alone in acute asthma. Canadian Combivent Study Group. Chest. 1997;111:311–315
  3. Sackett DL, Richardson WS, Rosenberg W, et al.  Evidence-based Medicine. How to Practice and Teach EBM. New York: : Churchill Livingstone; 1992;
  4. Wyer PC, Osborn HH. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator: In my community hospital ED, will early administration of rt-PA to patients with the initial diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke reduce mortality and disability?. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30:629–638
  5. Beveridge RC, Grunfeld AF, Hodder RV, et al.  CAEP/CTS Asthma Advisory Committee. Guidelines for the emergency management of asthma in adults. Can Med Assoc J. 1996;155:25–37
  6. National Asthma Education Program: Expert Panel Report II . Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Bethesda, MD: : National Institutes of Health; 1997;
  7. Camargo CA. Acute asthma among children presenting to the emergency department: The Multicenter Asthma Research Collaboration. [abstract] Acad Emerg Med. 1998;5:380
  8. Camargo CA, Woodruff PG. Management of acute asthma in US emergency departments: The Multicenter Asthma Research Collaboration. [abstract] Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 1998;157:A623
  9. Rowe BH, Spooner CH, Ducharme FM, et al.  The effectiveness of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma: A meta-analysis of their effect on relapse following acute assessment. [Cochrane Review]. Cochrane Library (issue 1) Oxford, United Kingdom: : Update Software; 1999;
  10. Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Sinclair JC, et al.  User’s guides to the medical literature IX: A method of grading health care recommendations. JAMA. 1995;274:1800–1804
  11. Plotnick LH, Ducharme FM. Efficacy and safety of combined inhaled anticholinergics and beta-2-agonists in the initial management of acute pediatric asthma. [Cochrane Review]. Cochrane Library 1999 (issue 1) In: Oxford, United Kingdom: : Update Software; 1997;p. 1997
  12. Osmond MH, Klassen TP. Efficacy of ipratropium bromide in acute childhood asthma: A meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 1995;7:651–656
  13. Plotnick LH, Ducharme FM. Should inhaled anticholinergics be added to β-agonists for treating acute childhood and adolescent asthma? A systematic review. BMJ. 1998;317:971–977
  14. Jadad AR, Cook DJ, Browman GP. A guide to interpreting discordant systematic reviews. Can Med Assoc J. 1997;156:1411–1416
  15. Jadad AR, Cook DJ, Jones A, et al.  Methodology and reports of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. JAMA. 1998;280:278–280
  16. Qureshi F, Pestian J, Davis P, et al.  Effect of nebulized ipratropium on the hospitalization rates of children with asthma. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1030–1035
  17. Oxman AD, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH. Users’ guides to the medical literature. JAMA. 1994;272:1367–1371
  18. Oxman AD, Guyatt GH. Guidelines for reading literature reviews. Can Med Assoc J. 1988;138:697–703
  19. Mulrow CD. The medical review article: State of the art. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:485–489
  20. Oxman AD, Guyatt GH. Validation of an index of the quality of review articles. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44:1271–1278
  21. Mulrow CD, Oxman AD. Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. [updated September 1997]. The Cochrane Library [database on disk or CD-ROM] (issue 1) Oxford, United Kingdom: : Update Software; 1994;
  22. Dickersin K, Manheimer E. The Cochrane Collaboration: Evaluation of health care and services using systematic reviews of the results of randomized controlled trials. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1998;41:315–331
  23. Dickersin K, Scherer R, Lefebvre C. Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews. BMJ. 1994;309:1286–1291
  24. Dickersin K, Chan S, Chalmers TC, et al.  Publication bias and clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1987;8:343–353
  25. Moher D, Jadad A, Nichol G, et al.  Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials: An annotated bibliography of scales and checklists. Control Clin Trials. 1995;16:62–73
  26. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, et al.  Empirical evidence of bias: Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA. 1995;273:408–412
  27. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al.  Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?. Control Clin Trials. 1996;17:1–12
  28. Chalmers TC, Matta RJ, Smith H, et al.  Evidence favouring the use of anticoagulants in the hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:1091–1096
  29. Mulrow CD, Langhorne P, Grimshaw J. Integrating heterogeneous pieces of evidence in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:989–995
  30. Guyatt G, Jaeschke R, Heddle N, et al.  Basic statistics for clinicians: 2. Interpreting study results: Confidence intervals. Can Med Assoc J. 1995;152:169–173
  31. Cordell WH. Number needed to treat (NNT). Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33:433–436
  32. Laupacis A, Sackett DL, Roberts RS. An assessment of clinically useful measured of the consequences of treatment. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:1728–1733
  33. LeLorier J, Gregoire G, Benhaddad A, et al.  Discrepancies between meta-analysis and subsequent large randomized, controlled trials. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:536–542
  34. Sauve S, Lee HN, Meade MO, et al.  The critically appraised topic: A practical approach to learning critical appraisal. Annals RCPSC. 1998;28:396–398

☆ Address for reprints: Brian H. Rowe, MD, MSc, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Room 1G1.63 WMC, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada; 780-407-7047, fax 780-407-3314; E-mail brian.rowe@ualberta.ca.

☆☆ 0196-0644/99/$8.00 + 0

★ 47/1/99364

PII: S0196-0644(99)70275-1

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 34, Issue 1 , Pages 75-84 , July 1999

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution