Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 34, Issue 1 , Pages 91-95 , July 1999

Metaanalytic Revision of Endpoints

References 

  1. Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Guyatt GH, et al.  Clinical Epidemiology. In: ed 2. A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine. Toronto, Ontario: Canada: Little Brown; 1991;p. 380
  2. Selden CR. Meta-Analysis. In: Current Bibliographies in Medicine. 92:Washington DC: Reference Section, National Library of Medicine; 1992;p. 13–21
  3. In:  Mulrow CD,  Oxman AD editor. Cochrane Collaboration Handbook in The Cochrane Library. Oxford, United Kingdom: : Update Software; 1997; [database on CD-ROM]. The Cochrane Collaboration; Issue 1
  4. Stoodley RG, Aaron SD, Dales RE. The role of ipratropium bromide in the emergency management of acute asthma exacerbation: A metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;34:8–18
  5. Sackett DL. Second thoughts. Proposals for the health sciences—I. Compulsory retirement for experts. J Chronic Dis. 1983;36:545–547
  6. Dickersin K, Scherer R, Lefebvre C. Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews. BMJ. 1994;309:1286–1291
  7. Dickersin K, Chan S, Chalmers TC, et al.  Publication bias and clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1987;8:343–353
  8. American Thoracic Society . Lung function testing: Selection of reference values and interpretive strategies. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991;144:1202–1218
  9. Rebuck AS, Chapman KR, Abboud R, et al.  Nebulized anticholinergic and sympathomimetic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive airways disease in the emergency room. Am J Med. 1987;82:59–64
  10. Summers QA, Tarala RA. Nebulized ipratropium in the treatment of acute asthma. Chest. 1990;97:425–429
  11. O’Driscoll BR, Taylor RJ, Horsley MG, et al.  Nebulised salbutamol with and without ipratropium bromide in acute airflow obstruction. Lancet. 1989;1:1418–1420
  12. FitzGerald JM, Grunfeld A, Pare PD, et al.  The clinical efficacy of combination nebulized anticholinergic and adrenergic bronchodilators vs nebulized adrenergic bronchodilator alone in acute asthma. Chest. 1997;111:311–315
  13. Garrett JE, Town GI, Rodwell P, et al.  Nebulized salbutamol with and without ipratropium bromide in the treatment of acute asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;100:165–170
  14. Higgins RM, Stradling JR, Lane DJ. Should ipratropium bromide be added to beta-agonists in treatment of acute severe asthma?. Chest. 1988;94:718–722
  15. Ward MJ, Macfarlane JT, Davies D. A place for ipratropium bromide in the treatment of severe acute asthma. Br J Dis Chest. 1985;79:374–378
  16. Roeseler J, Reynaert MS. A comparison of fenoterol and fenoterol-ipratropium nebulisation treatment in acute asthma. Acta Therapeutica. 1987;13:571–578
  17. Bryant DH. Nebulized ipratropium bromide in the treatment of acute asthma. Chest. 1985;88:24–29
  18. Karpel JP, Schacter EN, Fanta C, et al.  A comparison of ipratropium and albuterol vs albuterol alone for the treatment of acute asthma. Chest. 1996;110:611–616
  19. Lin RY, Pesola GR, Westfal RE, et al.  Early parenteral corticosteroid administration in acute asthma. Am J Emerg Med. 1997;15:621–625
  20. Lin RY, Pesola GR, Bakalchuk L, et al.  Rapid improvement of peak flow in emergency department asthmatic patients treated with parenteral methylprednisolone in the emergency department: A randomized controlled study. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33:487–494
  21. Moher D, Jadad AR, Nichol G, et al.  Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials: An annotated bibliography of scales and checklists. Control Clin Trials. 1995;16:62–73
  22. Moher D, Jadad AR, Tugwell P. Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials. Current issues and future directions. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1996;12:195–208
  23. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, et al.  Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment in controlled trials. JAMA. 1995;273:408–412
  24. Emerson JD, Burdick E, Hoaglin DC, et al.  An empirical study of the possible relation of treatment differences to quality scores in controlled randomized clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1990;11:339–352
  25. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al.  Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?. Control Clin Trials. 1996;17:1–12
  26. Dawson-Saunders B, Trapp RG. Basic and Clinical Biostatistics. In: ed 2. Norwalk, CT: : Appleton & Lange; 1994;p. 224–227
  27. In:  Gardner MJ,  Altman DG editor. Statistics With Confidence—Confidence Intervals and Statistical Guidelines. Belfast, Northern Ireland: : The Universities Press (Belfast) Ltd, for The British Medical Journal; 1989;p. 3–19
  28. Fleiss JL, Gross AJ. Meta-analysis in epidemiology, with special reference to studies of the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer: A critique. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44:127–139
  29. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7:177–188
  30. Cochran W. The combination of estimates from different experiments. Biometrics. 1954;10:101–129
  31. Dahlqvist M, Eisen EA, Wegman DH, et al.  Reproducibility of peak expiratory flow measurements. Occup Med. 1993;8:295–302
  32. Lorber DB, Kaltenborn W, Burrows B. Responses to isoproterenol in a general population sample. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978;118:855–861
  33. Dales RE, Spitzer WO, Tousignant P, et al.  Clinical interpretation of airway response to a bronchodilator. Epidemiologic considerations. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;138:317–320
  34. Plotnick LH, Ducharme FM. Efficacy and safety of combined inhaled anticholinergics and beta-2-agonists in the initial management of acute pediatric asthma. In:  Cates C,  Ducharme R,  Gibson P, et al. editor. Airways Module of The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Oxford, United Kingdom: : Update Software; 1998; [updated 02 December, 1997]. Available in The Cochrane Library (database on disk and CD-ROM]. The Cochrane Collaboration; Issue 1 [updated quarterly]
  35. Lang TA, Secic M. How to Report Statistics in Medicine. Annotated Guidelines for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers. In: Philadelphia: : American College of Physicians; 1997;p. 81–92
  36. Lanes SF, Garrett JE, Wentworth CE, et al.  The effect of adding ipratropium bromide to salbutamol in the treatment of acute asthma: A pooled analysis of three trials. Chest. 1998;114:365–372
  37. Lin RY, Pesola GR, Bakalchuk L, et al.  Superiority of ipratropium plus albuterol over albuterol alone in the emergency department management of adult asthma: A randomized clinical trial. Ann Emerg Med. 1998;31:208–213
  38. Lau J, Antman EM, Jimenez-Silva J, et al.  Cumulative meta-analysis of therapeutic trials for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:248–254
  39. Gart JJ, Nam J. Approximate interval estimation of the ratio of binomial parameters: A review and corrections for skewness. Biometrics. 1988;44:323–338
  40. Greenland S, Robins JM. Estimation of common effect parameter from sparse follow up data. Biometrics. 1985;41:55–68
  41. Laupacis A, Sackett DL, Roberts RS. An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:1728–1733
  42. Gart JJ, Nam JM. Approximate interval estimation of the difference in binomial parameters: Correction for skewness and extension to multiple tables. Biometrics. 1990;46:637–643
  43. Miettinen OS, Nurminen M. Comparative analysis of two rates. Stat Med. 1985;4:213–226
  44. Brophy C, Ahmed B, Bayston S, et al.  How long should Atrovent be given in acute asthma?. Thorax. 1998;53:363–367

 Address for reprints: E John Gallagher, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467; 718-920-7459, fax 718-798-6084; E-mail jgallagh@montefiore.org.

☆☆ 0196-0644/99/$8.00 + 0

 47/1/99328

PII: S0196-0644(99)70277-5

Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume 34, Issue 1 , Pages 91-95 , July 1999